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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Plasma Physics Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Plasma Physics Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физика плазмы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0367-2921</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6371</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">677453</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0367292124080018</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OBJEGQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOKAMAKS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОКАМАКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Gyrokinetic calculations of heat fluxes in the T-10 tokamak ohmic discharge</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гирокинетические расчеты тепловых потоков в омическом разряде токамака Т-10</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaev</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>isaev_my@nrcki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anuaruly</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ануарулы</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="KZ">Kazakhstan</country></address><email>isaev_my@nrcki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuyanov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куянов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>isaev_my@nrcki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>isaev_my@nrcki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИЦ «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh National University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>823</fpage><lpage>841</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-20"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0367-2921/article/view/677453">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0367-2921/article/view/677453</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of the first gyrokinetic calculations of anomalous heat fluxes in the T-10 tokamak plasma obtained for typical conditions of a discharge No. 71568 with ohmic heating are presented. The calculations have been performed at the Kurchatov Institute Supercomputer Center. The experimentally measured electron density and temperature profiles, ion temperature profiles with a large gradient leading to the so-called ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence, and also the profiles of carbon and oxygen impurity densities measured using the charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS) active diagnostics are used as input data. The “experimental” electron and ion heat fluxes are estimated from the heat balance condition using the ASTRA transport code. The analytical dependence of heat fluxes on the effective plasma charge is presented. Gyrokinetic calculations of anomalous electron and ion heat fluxes are performed for the T-10 tokamak for the first time. The well-known gyrokinetic GENE code is used in the so-called linear and nonlinear approximation with fixed density and temperature gradients taking into account the influence of carbon and oxygen impurities. A linear dependence of heat fluxes on the effective plasma charge is found, and the sensitivity of the results to input parameter errors is investigated. The results of gyrokinetic calculations for the T-10 tokamak are compared with the results obtained for facilities with similar input parameters. A comparison is made of gyrokinetic calculations of heat fluxes performed using the GENE code with the results of calculations by the CONTRA-T code, intended for the self-consistent simulation of low-frequency turbulence and transport processes in tokamaks with a large aspect ratio. Good agreement obtained in the work between the results of transport calculations using the ASTRA, GENE, and CONTRA-T codes based on various transport models for the ohmic discharge of the T-10 tokamak with a circular cross section, provides grounds for the further simulation of transport processes in plasma with additional heating and a more complex cross section shape of the plasma column.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Приводятся результаты первых гирокинетических расчетов аномальных тепловых потоков в плазме токамака Т-10, полученные для типичных условий разряда с омическим нагревом #71568. Расчеты выполнены в суперкомпьютерном центре Курчатовского института. В качестве входных данных используются экспериментально измеренные профили электронной плотности и температуры, профили ионной температуры с большим градиентом, приводящие к так называемой ITG (Ion Temperature Gradient) турбулентности, а также измеренные с помощью активной диагностики CXRS (Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy) профили плотностей примесей углерода и кислорода. “Экспериментальные” потоки тепла электронов и ионов оцениваются из условия теплового баланса с помощью транспортного кода ASTRA. Приводится аналитическая зависимость тепловых потоков от эффективного заряда плазмы. Гирокинетические расчеты аномальных электронных и ионных тепловых потоков впервые проводятся для токамака Т-10. Используется известный гирокинетический код GENE в так называемом линейном и нелинейном приближении с фиксированными градиентами плотности и температуры c учетом влияния примесей углерода и кислорода. Найдена линейная зависимость тепловых потоков от эффективного заряда плазмы, исследуется чувствительность результатов к погрешностям входных параметров. Результаты гирокинетических расчетов для токамака Т-10 сравниваются с результатами, полученными для установок с аналогичными входными параметрами. Проведено сравнение гирокинетических расчетов тепловых потоков, выполненных с помощью кода GENE, c результатами расчетов кода CONTRA-T, предназначенного для самосогласованного моделирования низкочастотной турбулентности и транспортных процессов в токамаках с большим аспектным отношением. Полученное в работе хорошее соответствие между результатами расчетов переноса с помощью кодов ASTRA, GENE, CONTRA-T, основанных на различных транспортных моделях для омического разряда токамака c Т-10 с круглым сечением, дает основание для дальнейшего моделирования транспортных процессов в плазме с дополнительным нагревом и более сложной формой сечения плазменного шнура.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tokamak</kwd><kwd>anomalous transport theory</kwd><kwd>gyrokinetic calculations</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>токамак</kwd><kwd>теория аномального переноса</kwd><kwd>гирокинетические расчеты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hinton F.L. and Hazeltine R.D. // Review of Modern Physics. 1976. V. 48. 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