<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Voprosy Jazykoznanija</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Voprosy Jazykoznanija</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы языкознания</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0373-658X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5243</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">650574</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/0373-658X.2024.3.7-30</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Variable agreement and the structure of coordination</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вариативное согласование и структура сочиненной составляющей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grashchenkov</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гращенков</surname><given-names>Павел Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pavel.gra@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Artificial Intelligence Research Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт искусственного интеллекта AIRI</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-31"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0373-658X/article/view/650574">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0373-658X/article/view/650574</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern formal approaches to syntax propose different underlying structures for coordinate constructions. At the same time, none of them describe the entire set of properties of coordination, including variable predicate agreement in number (and gender). The goal of the paper is to define the internal organization of coordinate phrases. As the study of examples from the Russian treebank demonstrates, in addition to the previously known factors, the choice of agreement strategy is also influenced by the linear length of conjuncts and the distance between them and the verbal head. Additionally, the strategy of matching the nearest (and not necessarily the first) conjunct is relevant for Russian. We present and analyze the corpus data and conclude that there is no hierarchical organization in coordination. This lets us elaborate on some general ideas about syntactic derivation put forward by Noam Chomsky.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В рамках современного формального синтаксиса предложено множество анализов структуры, стоящей за сочиненными составляющими. При этом ни один из имеющихся подходов не описывает всей совокупности свойств сочинения, в том числе вариативное согласование предиката по числу (и роду). В статье предпринимается попытка определить правила внутренней организации сочиненных групп. Изучение примеров из корпуса русского языка RuConst с разметкой по синтаксическим составляющим позволяет утверждать, что кроме известных ранее факторов на выбор числовой стратегии влияет также линейная длина конъюнктов и расстояние между ними и вершиной. Кроме того, для русского языка оказывается актуальна стратегия согласования по ближайшему (не обязательно первому) конъюнкту. Анализ совокупности представленных фактов позволяет сделать вывод об отсутствии иерархической организации при сочинении, что развивает некоторые общие идеи о синтаксической деривации, высказанные в трудах Н. Хомского.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>agreement</kwd><kwd>coordination</kwd><kwd>corpus linguistics</kwd><kwd>formal syntax</kwd><kwd>Russian</kwd><kwd>syntax</kwd><kwd>variation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вариативность</kwd><kwd>корпусная лингвистика</kwd><kwd>русский язык</kwd><kwd>синтаксис</kwd><kwd>согласование</kwd><kwd>сочинение</kwd><kwd>формальный синтаксис</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>№ 22-18-00037</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Архипов 2005 — Архипов А. В. Типология комитативных конструкций. Дисс. … канд. филол. наук. М.: МГУ им. М. В. Ломоносова, 2005. [Arkhipov A. V. Tipologiya komitativnykh konstruktsii [Typology of comitative constructions]. Cand. diss. Moscow: Lomonosov Moscow State Univ., 2005.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Белова, Давидюк 2022 — Белова Д. Д., Давидюк Т. И. Предикативное согласование с сочиненным подлежащим в русском языке. Типология морфосинтаксических параметров, 2022, 5(1): 13–34. [Belova D. D., Davidyuk T. I. Predicate agreement with coordinated subjects in Russian. Typology of Morphosyntactic Parameters, 2022, 5(1): 13–34.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Гращенков 2024 — Гращенков П. В. RuConst: Синтаксический корпус русского языка с разметкой по составляющим. Вестник Московского университета. Сер. 9. Филология, 2024, 3: 94–112. [Grashchenkov P. V. RuConst: A treebank for Russian. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 9. Filologiya, 2024, 3: 94–112.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Зализняк, Падучева 1979 — Зализняк А. А., Падучева Е. В. Синтаксические свойства местоимения который. Категория определенности-неопределенности в славянских и балканских языках. Николаева Т. М. (ред.). М.: Наука, 1979, 289–329. [Zaliznyak A. A., Paducheva E. V. Syntactic properties of the pronoun kotoryj ‘which’. Kategoriya opredelennosti-neopredelennosti v slavyanskikh i balkanskikh yazykakh. Nikolaeva T. M. (ed.). Moscow: Nauka, 1979, 289–329.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Казенин 2011 — Казенин К. И. Проблема «размеров» конъюнктов в русском языке: данные некоторых типов сочинительных конструкций. Вопросы языкознания, 2011, 4: 46–60. [Kazenin K. I. The issue of conjuncts’ «size» in Russian: Some types of coordinative constructions. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, 2011, 4: 46–60.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Кодзасов 1987 — Кодзасов С. В. Число в сочинительных конструкциях. Моделирование языковой деятельности в интеллектуальных системах. Кибрик А. Е., Нариньяни А. С. (ред.). М.: Наука, 1987, 204–219. [Kodzasov S. V. Number in coordinate constructions. Modelirovanie yazykovoi deyatel’nosti v intellektual’nykh sistemakh. Kibrik A. E., Narin’yani A. S. (eds.). Moscow: Nauka, 1987, 204–219.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Лютикова 2023 — Лютикова Е. А. О согласовательной вариативности в русском языке. Русский язык в научном освещении, 2023, 2(46): 200–219. [Lyutikova E. A. On agreement variation in Russian. Russkii yazyk v nauchnom osveshchenii, 2023, 2(46): 200-219.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Лютикова, Герасимова 2021 — Лютикова Е. А., Герасимова А. А. Русские острова в свете экспериментальных данных. М.: Буки Веди, 2021. [Lyutikova E. A., Gerasimova A. A. Russkie ostrova v svete eksperimental’nykh dannykh [Russian islands in the light of experimental data]. Moscow: Buki Vedi, 2021.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Паско 2023 — Паско Л. И. Против ATB-анализа частичного согласования в русском языке: экспериментальное исследование. Рема. Rhema, 2023, 2: 89–103. [Pasko L. I. Against ATB analysis of partial agreement in Russian: An experimental study. Rema. Rhema, 2023, 2: 89–103.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Пекелис 2013 — Пекелис О. Е. «Частичное согласование» в конструкции с повторяющимся союзом: корпусное исследование основных закономерностей. Вопросы языкознания, 2013, 4: 55–86. [Pekelis O. E. Partial agreement with subjects linked by a correlative conjunction: A corpus-based study of main regularities. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, 2013, 4: 55–86.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Пешковский 1928/2001 — Пешковский А. М. Русский синтаксис в научном освещении. 8-е изд. М.: Языки славянских культур, 2001. [Peshkovskii A. M. Russkii sintaksis v nauchnom osveshchenii [Russian syntax in a scientific light]. 8th edn. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskikh kul’tur, 2001.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Подлесская 2012 — Подлесская В. И. Структурная и линейно-просодическая целостность именных групп по данным корпусного исследования: сочиненные и комитативные группы с личным местоимением первого лица в русском языке. Вопросы языкознания, 2012, 1: 42–65. [Podlesskaya V. I. Structural, linear and prosodic integrity of NPs: Coordinate and comitative constructions with 1st sg personal pronouns in Russian (a corpus-based study). Voprosy Jazykoznanija, 2012, 1: 42–65.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>РГ 1980 — Шведова Н. Ю. (гл. ред.). Русская грамматика. В 2 т. Т. 2 М.: Наука, 1980. [Shvedova N. Yu. (ed.). Russkaya grammatika [Russian grammar]. In 2 vols. Vol. 2. Moscow: Nauka, 1980.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Санников 2008 — Санников В. З. Русский синтаксис в семантико-прагматическом пространстве. М.: Языки славянских культур, 2008. [Sannikov V. Z. Russkii sintaksis v semantiko-pragmaticheskom prostranstve [Russian syntax in a semantic-pragmatic aspect]. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskikh kul’tur, 2008.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Студеникина 2018 — Студеникина К. А. Синтаксис сочинения русских именных групп: эллипсис или малые конъюнкты Типология морфосинтаксических параметров, 2018, 1(2): 115–133. [Studenikina K. A. The syntax of coordination of Russian noun phrases: Ellipsis or small conjuncts Typology of Morphosyntactic Parameters, 2018, 1(2): 115–133.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Тестелец 2001 — Тестелец Я. Г. Введение в общий синтаксис. М.: РГГУ, 2001. [Testelets Ya. G. Vvedenie v obshchii sintaksis [Introduction to general syntax]. Moscow: Russian State Univ. for the Humanities, 2001.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Babyonyshev 1997 — Babyonyshev M. Covert feature checking and conjunction agreement in Russian. Paper presented at 1997 Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics (FASL), Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, 1997.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Benmamoun et al. 2009 — Benmamoun E., Bhatia A., Polinsky M. Closest conjunct agreement in head final languages. Linguistic Variation Yearbook, 2009, 9: 67–88.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Camacho 1997 — Camacho J. A. The syntax of NP coordination. Doctoral diss. Los Angeles: Univ. of Southern California, 1997.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Camacho 2000 — Camacho J. On the structure of conjunction. Ellipsis in conjunction. Schwabe K., Zhang N. (eds.). Tübingen: Newmeyer, 2000, 23–50.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Chomsky 1981 — Chomsky N. Lectures on government and binding. Dordrecht: Foris, 1981.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Chomsky 2001 — Chomsky N. Beyond explanatory adequacy. MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics. Iss. 20. Cambridge (MA): MIT, 2001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Chomsky 2013 — Chomsky N. Problems of projection. Lingua, 2013, 130: 33–49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Citko 2005 — Citko B. On the nature of merge: External merge, internal merge, and parallel merge. Linguistic Inquiry, 2005, 36(4): 475–496.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Gold et al. 2018 — Gold J. W., Arsenijević B., Batinić M., Becker M., Nermina Č., Kresić M., Leko N., Marušič F. L., Milićev T., Milićević N., Mitić I., Peti-Stantić A., Stanković B., Šuligoj T., Tušek J., Nevins A. When linearity prevails over hierarchy in syntax. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018, 3(115): 495–500.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Goodall 1987 — Goodall G. Parallel structures in syntax. Coordination, causatives and restructuring. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Harizanov, Gribanova 2015 — Harizanov B., Gribanova V. How across-the-board movement interacts with nominal concord in Bulgarian. Proceedings from the Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society, 2015, 49: 115–129.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Hawkins 1990 — Hawkins J. A. A parsing theory of word order universals. Linguistic Inquiry, 1990, 21(2): 223–261.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Hornstein 2009 — Hornstein N. A theory of syntax: Minimal operations and UG. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Hudson 1980 — Hudson R. A. Constituency and dependency. Linguistics, 1980, 18(3–4): 179–198.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Hudson 1987 — Hudson R. A. Zwicky on heads. Journal of Linguistics, 1987, 23: 109–132.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Jackendoff 1977 — Jackendoff R. X̄ syntax: A study of phrase structure. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press, 1977.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Johannessen 1998 — Johannessen J. B. Coordination. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Kayne 1994 — Kayne R. The antisymmetry of syntax. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press, 1994.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Krejci 2020 — Krejci B. Syntactic and semantic perspectives on first conjunct agreement in Russian. Doctoral diss. Stanford: Stanford Univ., 2020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Madariaga, Igartua 2017 — Madariaga N., Igartua I. Idiosyncratic (dis)agreement patterns: The structure and diachrony of Russian paucal subjects. Scando-Slavica, 2017, 63(2): 99–132.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Munn 1993 — Munn A. Topics in the syntax and semantics of coordinate structures. Ph.D. diss. College Park (MD): Univ. of Maryland, 1993.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Nevins, Weisser 2019 —Nevins A., Weisser P. Closest conjunct agreement. Annual Review of Linguistics, 2019, 5(1): 219–241.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Progovac 1998a — Progovac L. Structure for Coordination. Part I. Glot International, 1998, 3(7): 3–6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Progovac 1998b — Progovac L. Structure for Coordination. Part II. Glot International, 1998, 3(8): 3–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Rizzi 2016 — Rizzi L. Labeling, maximality and the head — phrase distinction. The Linguistic Review, 2016, 33(1): 103–127.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Ross 1967 — Ross J. Constraints on variables in syntax. Ph.D. diss. Cambridge (MA): MIT, 1967.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Sag et al. 1985 — Sag I. A., Gazdar G., Wasow T., Weisler S. Coordination and how to distinguish categories. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 1985, 3: 117–171.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>te Velde 2005 — te Velde J. Deriving coordinate symmetries. A phase-based approach integrating Select, Merge, Copy and Match. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>de Vries 2003 — de Vries M. Hierarchy in coordinate structures. Germania et alia: A linguistic webschrift for Hans den Besten. Koster J., Riemsdijk H. V. (eds.). 2003, 1–15.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Wilder 1994 — Wilder C. Coordination, ATB and ellipsis. Minimalism and Kayne’s antisymmetry hypothesis. Groningen Arbeiten zur germanistischen Linguistik, 1994, 37: 291–329.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Wilder 1997 — Wilder C. Some properties of ellipsis in coordination. Studies on universal grammar and typological variation. Alexiadou A., Hall T. A. (eds.). Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1997, 59–107.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Zoerner 1995 — Zoerner E. Coordination: The syntax of &amp;P. Doctoral diss. Irvine: Univ. of California, 1995.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Zwicky 1985 — Zwicky A. M. Heads. Journal of Linguistics, 1985, 21: 1–29.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
