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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Voprosy Jazykoznanija</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Voprosy Jazykoznanija</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы языкознания</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0373-658X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5243</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">679340</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/0373-658X.2025.2.49-104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Southern Russian <italic>stød</italic>: Phonetics or phonology?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>«Южнорусский stød»: фонетика или фонология?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazev</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князев</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>svknia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт русского языка им. В. В. Виноградова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-09"><day>09</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0373-658X/article/view/679340">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0373-658X/article/view/679340</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Prosodic systems of Southern Russian dialects spoken in the regions of Kaluga, Ryazan’, and Lipetsk possess a specific rising tonal accent H*+^H* (level high + rising + level extra-high + falling tone) utilized in yes-no questions and non-final parts of utterances. In the oldest speakers’ speech this accent is accompanied by some kind of laryngeal activity, acoustic correlates of which are quite similar to those of Danish stød: it is a non-modal phonation type (glottal squeak) where the first part of the syllable is characterized acoustically by a high intensity level; in the second part there is a considerable decrease in intensity, a noticeable leap in fundamental frequency, and an evident aperiodicity of the speech signal; on the boundary between the two phases most speakers have a strong glottal constriction. Phonologically, the F<sub>0</sub> perturbation of Danish stød is a side effect of laryngealization and the stød itself, bound to definite syllables in certain word types, and is seen as a single object attaching to a particular node in the metrical structure, not a composite tonal entity; while in Russian dialects it is a significant part of the H*+^H*pitch accent, used to distinguish it from the very similar L*+H* one found in narrow focus statements. Diachronically, Russian “stød” in the H*+^H* pitch accent may be seen as a consequence of the compression of an archaic L*+H H- L% melodic contour into one syllable; nowadays the original H*+^H* accent seems to be transforming into the much simpler H* found in Western Russian dialects.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В просодических системах южнорусских говоров (в частности, Калужской, Рязанской и Липецкой областей) в оформлении общего вопроса и незавершенности представлен специфический восходящий тональный акцент H*+^H*: первая часть ударного гласного словоформы-акцентоносителя произносится на ровном высоком тоне, затем следует очень резкое и быстрое повышение частоты основного тона, последняя часть ударного гласного содержит ровный сверхвысокий тон, после чего в конце гласного начинается его падение. Этот акцент в архаическом слое говоров сопровождается ларингализацией, акустические корреляты которой сходны с той, что свойственна датскому stød: первая часть гласного характеризуется значительно более высокой интенсивностью, нежели вторая; между первой и второй его частями наблюдается резкий скачок частоты основного тона, сигнал при этом становится апериодичным вследствие изменения состояния гортани. В фонологическом плане в русском языке «stød» является элементом фразовой просодии (в качестве одного из акустических ключей, противопоставляющих типы сходных восходящих тональных акцентов в разных регистрах — вопросительного H*+^H* и оформляющего утверждения с узким фокусом L*+H*), в отличие от циркумбалтийского, где он представляет собой слоговую просодию (противопоставляет словоформы). В говорах рязанской группы отмечен также акцент H*+L*: «зеркальное отражение» восходящих L*+H* и H*+^H*, при его употреблении ларингализация отсутствует. Вероятнее всего, «толчок» является следствием компрессии мелодического контура L*+H H- L%, свойственного говорам с «пословным» тональным оформлением в один слог в процессе формирования сильно центрированного мелодического контура в южнорусских говорах, что привело к очень резкому повышению акцентного тона в верхнем регистре. В дальнейшем этот акцент, по-видимому, развивается в сторону H*, свойственного современным западным говорам.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dialectology</kwd><kwd>interrogative constructions</kwd><kwd>intonation</kwd><kwd>laryngealization</kwd><kwd>phonetics</kwd><kwd>prosody</kwd><kwd>Russian</kwd><kwd>South Russian</kwd><kwd>tone</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вопросительные конструкции</kwd><kwd>диалектология</kwd><kwd>интонация</kwd><kwd>ларингализация</kwd><kwd>просодия</kwd><kwd>русский язык</kwd><kwd>тон</kwd><kwd>фонетика</kwd><kwd>южнорусские диалекты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Андреева, Кривнова 2005 — Андреева А. М., Кривнова О. Ф. Ларингализация в оценочных репликах русского диалога. Труды Международного семинара «Диалог’2005» по компьютерной лингвистике и ее приложениям. Кобозева И. М. (ред.). М.: Наука, 2005, 17–26. [Andreeva A. 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