<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Voprosy Jazykoznanija</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Voprosy Jazykoznanija</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы языкознания</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0373-658X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5243</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">683514</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/0373-658X.2025.3.30-61</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Polyfunctional subordinating constructions in Bartangi: Towards a unified analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Полифункциональные подчинительные конструкции в бартангском языке: к единому анализу</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>Oleg I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>Олег Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>belyaev@ossetic-studies.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт языкознания РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-09"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0373-658X/article/view/683514">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0373-658X/article/view/683514</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article I consider the system of subordination in Bartangi, one of the Pamir languages of Mountainous Badakhshan (Iranian branch of Indo-European). I describe the marking strategies of all major subordinate clause types and demonstrate that the core of the system consists of only three subordinators — preverbal <italic>ca</italic>, clause-internal <italic>di </italic>(<italic>di</italic><sub>IN</sub>) and interclausal <italic>di </italic>(<italic>di</italic><sub>EX</sub>) — each of which has a remarkably broad range of usage. I suggest that for each of these subordinators, its range of functions can be derived from a single semantic or syntactic definition. I propose treating constructions with <italic>ca </italic>as an extended type of relativization — a kind of correlatives — that lack dedicated marking of the relative or matrix NP and can thus have a very wide range of meanings. Constructions with <italic>di</italic><sub>EX</sub> are treated as assertive clauses that simultaneously serve as topics for the main clause: this allows unifying their temporal, narrative, and conditional functions. Finally, I treat the subordinator <italic>di</italic><sub>EX</sub> as lacking any special semantics, serving as a discourse particle that signals that the sentence is incomplete and will be immediately followed by a continuation clause. Such a system, having an extremely narrow inventory of markers with very abstract meanings, is remarkable for the typology and theory of subordination, as well as for the comparative study of Iranian languages.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматривается система подчинения в бартангском — одном из памирских языков Горного Бадахшана (иранская группа индоевропейской семьи). Описываются стратегии маркирования основных типов сложного предложения. Показано, что ядром системы являются всего три союза — предглагольный <italic>ca</italic>, внутриклаузальный <italic>di </italic>(<italic>di</italic><sub>IN</sub>) и интерклаузальный <italic>di </italic>(<italic>di</italic><sub>EX</sub>) — каждый из которых имеет чрезвычайно широкую сферу употребления. Высказывается предположение, что для каждого из этих союзов его функции могут быть выведены из единого семантического или синтаксического «инварианта». Конструкции с союзом <italic>ca </italic>предлагается считать расширенным типом относительных клауз, а именно разновидностью коррелятивных конструкций, в которых отсутствует обязательное маркирование мишени или коррелята и которые, как следствие, могут иметь очень широкий круг значений. Конструкции с союзом <italic>di</italic><sub>IN</sub><italic> </italic>рассматриваются как ассертивные клаузы, которые при этом выступают в качестве топика для главного предложения — тем самым объединяются их темпоральные, нарративные и условные употребления. Наконец, я предполагаю, что союз <italic>di</italic><sub>EX</sub> не имеет какой-либо специальной семантики, выступая как дискурсивная частица, сигнализирующая неоконченность предложения и наличие сразу после высказывания продолжающей его клаузы. Такая система, сочетающая чрезвычайно ограниченный инвентарь показателей с очень абстрактным значением каждого из них, представляет интерес с точки зрения теории и типологии сложного предложения, а также сравнительного изучения иранских языков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iranian languages</kwd><kwd>Pamir languages</kwd><kwd>syntax</kwd><kwd>complex clauses</kwd><kwd>subordination</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иранские языки</kwd><kwd>памирские языки</kwd><kwd>синтаксис</kwd><kwd>сложное предложение</kwd><kwd>подчинение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-18-00528</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Беляев 2014 — Беляев О. И. Коррелятивная конструкция в осетинском языке в типологическом освещении. Дис. … канд. филол. наук. М.: МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова, 2014. [Belyaev O. I. Korrelyativnaya konstruktsiya v osetinskom yazyke v tipologicheskom osveshchenii [Ossetic correlatives in a typological perspective]. Candidate diss. Moscow: Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2014.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Беляев 2025 — Беляев О. И. Позиционные классы союзов в бартангском языке. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 9. Филология, 2025, 2: 70–87. [Belyaev O. I. Positional classes of conjunctions in Bartangi. Lomonosov Philology Journal, 2025, 2: 70–87.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Инькова 2018 — Инькова О. Ю. Семантика коннекторов: контрастивное исследование. М.: ТОРУС ПРЕСС, 2018. [Inkova O. Yu. Semantika konnektorov: kontrastivnoe issledovanie [Semantics of connectors: A contrastive study]. Moscow: TORUS PRESS, 2018.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Иорданская, Мельчук 2007 — Иорданская Л. Н., Мельчук И. А. Смысл и сочетаемость в словаре. М.: Языки славянских культур, 2007. [Iordanskaya L. N., Mel’čuk I. A. Smysl i sochetaemost’ v slovare [Meaning and combinability in the dictionary]. Moscow: Yakyki slavyanskikh kul’tur, 2007.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Карамхудоев 1973 — Карамхудоев Н. Бартангский язык (фонетика и морфология). Душанбе: Дониш, 1973. [Karamkhudoev N. Bartangskii yazyk (fonetika i morfologiya) [Bartangi (phonetics and morphology)]. Dushanbe: Donish, 1973.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Падучева 1977 — Падучева Е. В. Понятие презумпции в лингвистической семантике. Семиотика и информатика, 1977, 8: 91–124. [Paducheva E. V. The notion of presumption in linguistic semantics. Semiotika i informatika, 1977, 8: 91–124.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Падучева 2018 — Падучева Е. В. Эгоцентрические единицы языка. М.: Языки славянской культуры, 2018. [Paducheva E. V. Egotsentricheskie edinitsy yazyka [Egocentric elements of the language]. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskoi kul’tury, 2018.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Подлесская 1992 — Подлесская В. И. К типологии предикативного сочинения. Вопросы языкознания, 1992, 4: 90–102. [Podlesskaya V. I. Towards a typology of predicative coordination. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, 1992, 4: 90–102.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Расторгуева, Эдельман 2000 — Расторгуева В. С., Эдельман Д. И. Этимологический словарь иранских языков. Т. 1: a–ā. М.: Восточная литература, 2000. [Rastorgueva V. S., Edelman D. I. Etimologicheskii slovar’ iranskikh yazykov [An etymological dictionary of the Iranian languages]. Vol. 1: a–ā. Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 2000.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Расторгуева, Эдельман 2003 — Расторгуева В. С., Эдельман Д. И. Этимологический словарь иранских языков. Т. 2: b–d. М.: Восточная литература, 2003. [Rastorgueva V. S., Edelman D. I. Etimologicheskii slovar’ iranskikh yazykov [An etymological dictionary of the Iranian languages]. Vol. 2: b–d. Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 2003.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Рудницкая 1997 — Рудницкая Е. Л. Проблема алтайского сочинения в корейском языке. Вопросы языкознания, 1997, 6: 89–99. [Rudnitskaya E. L. Problems of Altaic coordination in the Korean language. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, 1997, 6: 89–99.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Сердобольская, Егорова 2019 — Сердобольская Н. В., Егорова А. Д. Грамматикализация нового комплементайзера то что в современном русском языке: экспериментальные данные. Грамматические процессы и системы в синхронии и диахронии. Тезисы докладов международной конференции памяти Андрея Анатольевича Зализняка. М.: ИРЯ им. В. В. Виноградова, 2019, 37–38. [Serdobol’skaya N. V., Egorova A. D. Grammaticalization of a new complementizer to čto in Modern Russian: Experimental data. Grammaticheskie protsessy i sistemy v sinkhronii i diakhronii. Proceedings of the International Conference in Memoriam of Andrei A. Zaliznyak. Moscow: Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019, 37–38.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Соколова 1960 — Соколова В. С. Бартангские тексты и словарь. М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1960. [Sokolova V. S. Bartangskie teksty i slovar’ [Bartangi texts and a dictionary]. Moscow: Press of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Тестелец 2001 — Тестелец Я. Г. Введение в общий синтаксис. М.: Изд-во РГГУ, 2001. [Testelets Ya. G. Vvedenie v obshchii sintaksis [Introduction to general syntax]. Moscow: Press of the Russian State University for the Humanities, 2001.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Тульский 2005 — Тульский М. Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы. Демоскоп Weekly, 2005, 191–192. [Tul’skii M. 2000 Tajikistan Census results: National, age, family, and educational composition. Demoskop Weekly, 2005, 191–192.] https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Храковский 1998 — Храковский В. С. Теоретический анализ условных конструкций (семантика, исчисление, типология). Типология условных конструкций. Храковский В. C. (отв. ред.). СПб.: Наука, 1998, 7–96. [Xrakovskij V. S. A theoretical analysis of conditional constructions (semantics, types, typology). Tipologiya uslovnykh konstruktsii. Xrakovskij V. S. (ed.). St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1998, 7–96.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Храковский 2009 — Храковский В. С. Таксис: семантика, синтаксис, типология. Типология таксисных конструкций. Храковский В. С. (отв. ред.). М.: Знак, 2009, 11–113. [Xrakovskij V. S. Taxis: Semantics, syntax, typology. Tipologiya taksisnykh konstruktsii. Xrakovskij V. S. (ed.). Moscow: Znak, 2009, 11–113.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Шакармамадов (сост.) 2005 — Шакармамадов Н. (сост.). Фольклор Памира. Т. 2. Мифы, легенды и сказания. Душанбе: Империал-групп, 2005. [Shakarmamadov N. (comp.). Fol’klor Pamira [Folklore of the Pamir region]. Vol. 2. Mify, legendy i skazaniya [Myths, legends, and tales]. Dushanbe: Imperial-grupp, 2005.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Ширяев 1986 — Ширяев Е. Н. Бессоюзное сложное предложение в современном русском языке. М.: Наука, 1986. [Shiryaev E. N. Bessoyuznoe slozhnoe predlozhenie v sovremennom russkom yazyke [The asyndetic complex sentence in Modern Russian]. Moscow: Nauka, 1986.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Эдельман 2011 — Эдельман Д. И. Этимологический словарь иранских языков. Т. 4: i–k. М.: Восточная литература, 2011. [Edelman D. I. Etimologicheskii slovar’ iranskikh yazykov [An etymological dictionary of the Iranian languages]. Vol. 4: i–k. Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 2011.]</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Andrews 2007 — Andrews A. Relative clauses. Linguistic typology and syntactic description. Vol. 2. Complex constructions. Shopen T. (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007, 206–236.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Asher 1993 — Asher N. Reference to abstract objects in discourse. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1993.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Belyaev 2014 — Belyaev O. Anaphora in Ossetic correlatives and the typology of clause combining. On diversity and complexity of languages spoken in Europe and North and Central Asia. Suihkonen P., Whaley L. J. (eds.). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2014, 275–310.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Belyaev 2015 — Belyaev O. Systematic mismatches: Coordination and subordination at three levels of grammar. Journal of Linguistics, 2015, 51(2): 267–326.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Belyaev, Haug 2014 — Belyaev O., Haug D. Pronominal coreference in Ossetic correlatives and the syntax-semantics interface. Proceedings of the LFG’14 Conference. Butt M., King T. H. (eds.). Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2014, 89–109.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Bhatt, Nash 2023 — Bhatt R., Nash L. The common core of relativization in Georgian. Natural Language &amp; Linguistic Theory, 2023, 41(2): 501–546.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Bhatt, Pancheva 2006 — Bhatt R., Pancheva R. Conditionals. Blackwell Companion to Syntax. Vol. 1. Everaert M., van Riemsdijk H. (eds.). Oxford: Blackwell, 2006, 638–687.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Boye et al. 2015 — Boye K., van Lier E., Brink E. T. Epistemic complementizers: A cross-linguistic survey. Language Sciences, 2015, 51(5): 1–17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Clark 1975 — Clark H. H. Bridging. Proceedings of the 1975 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing. Schank R., Nash-Webber B. L. (eds.). Stroudsburg: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1975, 169–174.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Culicover, Jackendoff 1997 — Culicover P. W., Jackendoff R. Semantic subordination despite syntactic coordination. Linguistic Inquiry, 1997, 28(2): 195–217.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>David 2014 — David A. B. Descriptive grammar of Pashto and its dialects. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Davidson 1967 — Davidson D. On the logical form of action sentences. The logic of decision and action. Rescher N. (ed.). Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, 1967, 81–120.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Ebert et al. 2014 — Ebert Chr., Ebert C., Hinterwimmer S. A unified analysis of conditionals as topics. Linguistics and Philosophy, 2014, 37: 353–408.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Efimov 2011 — Efimov V. A. The Ormuri language in past and present. Baart J. L. G. (ed., transl.). Islamabad: Forum for Language Initiatives, 2011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Ford, Thompson 1986 — Ford C. E., Thompson S. A. Conditionals in discourse: A text-based study from English. On conditionals. Traugott E. C., ter Meulen A., Snitzer Reilly J., Ferguson C. A. (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1986, 353–372.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Forker 2016 — Forker D. Toward a typology for additive markers. Lingua, 2016, 180: 69–100.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Ghomeshi 2001 — Ghomeshi J. Control and thematic agreement. Canadian Journal of Linguistics, 2001, 46(1–2): 9–40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Givón 1982 — Givón T. Logic vs. pragmatics, with human language as the referee: Toward and empirically viable epistemology. Journal of Pragmatics, 1982, 6(2): 81–133.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Hale 1976 — Hale K. The adjoined relative clause in Australia. Grammatical categories in Australian languages. Dixon R. M. W. (ed.). Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1976, 78–105.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Haiman 1978 — Haiman J. Conditionals are topics. Language, 1978, 54 (3), 564–589.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Hansen et al. 2016 — Hansen B., Letuchiy A., Błaszczyk I. Complementizers in Slavonic (Russian, Polish, and Bulgarian). Complementizer semantics in European languages. Boye K., Kehayov P. (eds.). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2016, 175–224.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Haspelmath 2004 — Haspelmath M. Coordinating constructions: An overview. Coordinating constructions. Haspelmath M. (ed.). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2004, 3–40.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Karttunen 1973 — Karttunen L. Presuppositions of compound sentences. Linguistic Inquiry, 1973, 4: 168–193.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Kazenin, Testelets 2004 — Kazenin K. I., Testelets Ya. G. Where coordination meets subordination: Converb constructions in Tsakhur (Daghestanian). Coordinating constructions. Haspelmath M. (ed.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2004, 227–239.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Kehayov, Boye 2016 — Kehayov P., Boye K. Complementizer semantics in European languages: Overview and generalizations. Complementizer semantics in European languages. Boye K., Kehayov P. (eds.). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 2016, 809–878.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>König 1991 — König E. The meaning of focus particles: A comparative perspective. London: Routledge, 1991.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Larson, Segal 1995 — Larson R. K., Segal G. M. A. Knowledge of meaning. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press, 1995.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Lipták 2008 — Lipták A. On the correlative nature of Hungarian left peripheral relatives. Dislocation: Syntactic, semantic and discourse perspectives. Shaer B., Cook P., Frey W., Maienborn C. (eds.). London: Routledge, 2008, 398–430.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Makarov et al. 2022 — Makarov Y., Melenchenko M., Novokshanov D. Digital resources for the Shughni language. Proceedings of the Workshop on Resources and Technologies for Indigenous, Endangered and Lesser-Resourced Languages in Eurasia within the 13th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, 2022, 61–64. https://aclanthology.org/2022.eurali-1.9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Morgenstierne 1974 — Morgenstierne G. Etymological vocabulary of the Shughni group. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1974.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Nordlinger 2006 — Nordlinger R. Spearing the emu drinking: Subordination and the adjoined relative clause in Wambaya. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 2006, 26(1): 5–29.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Obrtelová 2019 — Obrtelová J. From oral to written: A text-linguistic study of Wakhi narratives. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2019.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Öhl, Korn 2006 — Öhl P., Korn A. Performanzbasierte und parametrische Wandel in der linken Satzperipherie des Persischen. Die Sprache, 2006, 42(2): 137–202.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Paillard 1987 — Paillard D. Že ou la sortie impossible. Les particules énonciatives en russe contemporain. Vol. 2. Paris: Institut d’Études Slaves, 1987, 173–225.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Parker 2023 — Parker C. A grammar of the Shughni language. Doctoral diss. Montreal: McGill Univ., 2023.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Partee 1975 — Partee B. H. Montague Grammar and transformational grammar. Linguistic Inquiry, 1975, 6: 203–300.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Pekelis 2022 — Pekelis O. On the oppositions that underlie the distinctions displayed by Russian causal clauses. Linguistics, 2022, 60(5): 1399–1449.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Peterson 1997 — Peterson P. L. Fact, proposition, event. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Renans 2021 — Renans A. Definite descriptions of events: progressive interpretation in Ga (Kwa). Linguistics and Philosophy, 2021, 44: 237–279.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Rizzi 1997 — Rizzi L. The fine structure of the left periphery. Elements of grammar. Haegeman L. (ed.). Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997, 281–337.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Schiffrin 1992 — Schiffrin D. Conditionals and topics in discourse. Linguistics, 1992, 30: 165–197.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Schmidtke-Bode 2009 — Schmidtke-Bode K. A typology of purpose clauses. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Vallduví 1992 — Vallduví E. The informational component. New York: Garland, 1992.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Verstraete 2008 — Verstraete J.-C. The status of purpose, reason and intended endpoint in the typology of complex sentences. Linguistics, 2008, 46: 757–788.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Yuasa, Sadock 2002 — Yuasa E., Sadock J. M. Pseudo-subordination: A mismatch between syntax and semantics. Journal of Linguistics, 2002, 38(1): 87–111.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
