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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Economics and Mathematical Methods</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Economics and Mathematical Methods</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экономика и математические методы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0424-7388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6177</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">682157</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0424738825010026</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and methodological problems</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретические и методологические проблемы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evolutionary nonstationarity of economic cycles</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эволюционная нестационарность экономических циклов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karmalita</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кармалита</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="CA">Canada</country></address><email>karmalita@videotron.ca</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khanian</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ханян</surname><given-names>Г. С. Ханян С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>khanian@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Private consultant</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Частный консультант</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">CIAM named after P. I. Baranov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЦИАМ им. П. И. Баранова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0424-7388/article/view/682157">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0424-7388/article/view/682157</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article, the nonstationarity of economic cycles is studied using their one-dimensional model of the “investment → income” type. The model interprets the cycle as random oscillations of an elastic system induced by exogenous (investment fluctuations) and endogenous (system properties) causes. This approach provided a quantitative description of economic cycles through the parameters of the elastic system — its natural frequency and damping factor. The nonstationarity of cycles is analyzed by the time trend of their natural frequencies. Such an analysis was performed for the period 1960–2020 by the amplitude spectra of US GDP deviations. Its results showed a simultaneous and steady decrease in the duration of the three considered cycles. This means that the results of observing these cycles do not have the ergodic property. Therefore, the adaptation of the cycle model to empirical data is possible for a time interval in which it can be considered pseudo-stationary.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена исследованию нестационарности экономических циклов, описываемых одномерной моделью, вход которой — «инвестиции», а выход — «доходы». Цикл рассматривается как случайные колебания упругой системы, вызванные внешними (колебания инвестиций) и внутренними (свойства системы) факторами. Такой подход позволил дать количественное описание экономических циклов через параметры упругой системы: собственную частоту и коэффициент затухания. Нестационарность циклов оценивалась по поведению собственных частот во времени. В качестве эмпирических данных был выбран ВВП США за период 1960–2020 гг. Амплитудные спектры циклов вычислялись методом дискретного преобразования Фурье разности между значениями ВВП и его квадратичного тренда, взятых с шагом в один квартал. Результаты спектрального анализа показали одновременное и устойчивое снижение продолжительности трех рассматриваемых циклов, на основании чего был сделан вывод о неэргодичности экономических циклов. Поэтому адаптация модели цикла к эмпирическим данным возможна лишь на временных интервалах, где ее можно считать псевдостационарной.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic cycle</kwd><kwd>random oscillations</kwd><kwd>elastic system</kwd><kwd>Fourier transform</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономический цикл, случайные колебания, упругая система, преобразование Фурье</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bolotin V. V. (1984). Random vibrations of elastic systems. Heidelberg: Springer. 468 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Brandt S. (2014). 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