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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Economics and Mathematical Methods</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Economics and Mathematical Methods</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экономика и математические методы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0424-7388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6177</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684347</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0424738825020023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>World economy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Мировая экономика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The phenomenon of “economic miracles”: Reassessing historical experience</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Феномен «экономического чуда»: осмысление исторического опыта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustyuzhanin</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устюжанин</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vladimir-ustyuzhanin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЦЭМИ РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-13"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-13"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0424-7388/article/view/684347">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0424-7388/article/view/684347</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents comparative analysis of macroeconomic policies in various countries (in Europe, Asia, North and South America) that had periods of long-term economic growth within the time range between 1933 and 2019. The analysis focuses on different measures adopted by governments of these countries with the aim of making an economic breakthrough and setting a country on a new path of development. The research demonstrates that completely oppose measures proved effective in different countries at different points in time. Some states enhanced government intervention in the economy, while others fostered economic liberalization. In some countries industrial concentration took place, whereas in others mainly small and medium-sized enterprises received support from the government. The same applies to improvement/deterioration in labour standards. Therefore, it is incorrect to try to build an economic system by merely copying foreign experience in order to foster socio-economic and technological development. The above-mentioned thesis is confirmed by referring to the historical experience of thirteen countries. There are, however, traits that countries that experienced long-term economic growth have in common. All of them conducted expansionary macroeconomic policy, supported key economic sectors (primarily agriculture and heavy industry), introduced breakthrough and incremental innovations, made investments in infrastructure, stimulated exports as well as accumulated social capital.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье приведен сравнительный анализ экономических стратегий различных государств, которые на протяжении длительного периода демонстрировали высокие темпы экономического роста. Выборка состоит из стран Европы, Азии, Северной и Южной Америки. Период анализа — 90 лет, начиная с 1933 г. и заканчивая 2019 г. Дано описание основных инструментов, которые были применены для осуществления экономического прорыва и выхода на новые траектории развития. Проведенное исследование свидетельствует о том, что в разное время в разных странах эффективными оказывались противоположные решения. Одни государства усиливали государственное регулирование экономики, другие брали курс на либерализацию экономических связей. В одних странах происходила концентрация производства и монополизация рынков, в других упор делался на поддержку малого и среднего бизнеса. Где-то права трудящихся расширялись, а где-то ограничивались. Поэтому далеко не всегда корректно пытаться строить свою экономическую систему по чужим лекалам, копировать чужой, пусть даже позитивный, опыт для стимулирования социально-экономического и технологического развитий. Верность данной гипотезы подтверждается путем изучения исторического опыта тринадцати стран. Вместе с тем можно выделить некоторые общие черты, присущие всем странам, сумевшим продемонстрировать продолжительный экономический рост. К ним относятся: экспансионистская макроэкономическая политика, поддержка ключевых отраслей народного хозяйства (в первую очередь — сельского хозяйства и тяжелой промышленности), внедрение прорывных и инкрементальных инноваций, инвестиции в развитие инфраструктуры, стимулирование экспорта, а также вложения в социальный капитал в целях усиления сплоченности нации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic miracle</kwd><kwd>macroeconomic policy</kwd><kwd>international networks</kwd><kwd>labour relations</kwd><kwd>social capital</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономическое чудо</kwd><kwd>макроэкономическая политика</kwd><kwd>международные сети</kwd><kwd>трудовые отношения</kwd><kwd>социальный капитал</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бутаков Д. Д., Золотаренко Е. Д., Рыбалко Г. П. (1987). Валюты стран мира: Справочник. Под ред. С. М. Борисова, Г. П. 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