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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Economics and Mathematical Methods</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Economics and Mathematical Methods</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экономика и математические методы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0424-7388</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6177</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684539</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0424738825020094</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Mathematical analysis of economic models</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Математический анализ экономических моделей</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effectiveness of the main information criteria in choosing the best short-term economic forecasting model</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результативность основных информационных критериев при выборе лучшей модели краткосрочного экономического прогнозирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svetunkov</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Светуньков</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sergey@svetunkov.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0424-7388/article/view/684539">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0424-7388/article/view/684539</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Any theory is based on a certain axiomatic core, which includes axioms and postulates. The latter includes conclusions and results from other theories or branches of science that are accepted in this theory without proof. Among such postulates accepted in modern economic forecasting are informational criteria, which are used to select the best forecasting model from a set of competing ones. Most often, forecasters use two main criteria — Akaike and Schwarz. The article demonstrates, using the example of short-term forecasting of 120 different data series through AR(p) autoregressions, that in practice this tool does not perform as well as expected. An alternative to the informational criteria can be a criterion based on Bayesian hypothesis testing, which is outlined in the article. This criterion incorporates information about the likelihood of describing prior and posterior data, the cross-accounting of which corresponds to Bayesian selection. A comparative analysis of the application of informational criteria and the new criterion, the results of which are presented in the article, supports the latter criterion, which is recommended for practical use.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Любая теория базируется на некотором аксиоматическом ядре, в которое включаются аксиомы и постулаты. К последним относят выводы и результаты других теорий или разделов наук, которые в данной теории принимаются без доказательства. К таким постулатам, принятым в современном экономическом прогнозировании, относят информационные критерии, с помощью которых выбирают лучшую прогнозную модель из множества конкурирующих. Чаще всего прогнозисты используют два основных критерия — Акаике и Шварца. В статье на примере краткосрочного прогнозирования 120 различных рядов данных с помощью авторегрессий AR(p) показывается, что на практике этот инструмент работает не так хорошо, как ожидается. Альтернативой информационным критериям может выступить критерий, основанный на байесовской проверке гипотез, излагаемый в статье. Этот критерий включает информацию о правдоподобии описания априорных и апостериорных данных, перекрестный учет которых соответствует байесовскому выбору. Сравнительный анализ применения информационных критериев и нового критерия, результаты которого приведены в статье, свидетельствует в пользу последнего критерия, который и рекомендуется применять на практике.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>short-term forecast</kwd><kwd>Akaike information criterion</kwd><kwd>Schwarz information criterion</kwd><kwd>autoregressive model</kwd><kwd>choosing of the best forecasting model</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>краткосрочный прогноз</kwd><kwd>информационный критерий Акаике</kwd><kwd>информационный критерий Шварца</kwd><kwd>модель авторегрессии</kwd><kwd>выбор лучшей модели прогнозирования</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-28-01213</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Аистов А. 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