<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Construction Materials</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Construction Materials</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Строительные материалы</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0585-430X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-6991</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Stroymaterialy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">690204</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31659/0585-430X-2025-838-8-37-44</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Free-of-Cement Sulfate-Slag Binder with Increased Phosphoanhydrite Content</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Бесцементное сульфатно-шлаковое вяжущее с повышенным содержанием фосфоангидрита</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alfimova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алфимова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>alfimovan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Levitskaya</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левицкая</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотрудник</p></bio><email>levickayalevickaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elistratkin</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елистраткин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>mr.elistratkin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulin</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулин</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>ivanikulin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buryanov</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурьянов</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>rga-service@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-08"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-08"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО РИФ "СТРОЙМАТЕРИАЛЫ"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО РИФ "СТРОЙМАТЕРИАЛЫ"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-09-09"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0585-430X/article/view/690204">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0585-430X/article/view/690204</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For the sustainable development of mankind, a necessary condition is the reduction of the volume of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, a significant share of which is created by the production of Portland cement. In this regard, the development of alternative products is relevant, one of which, experiencing its rebirth at a new stage of development, is sulfate-slag binder. The article considers the issues of obtaining its cement-free variety with an excess content of phosphoanhydrite, which acts as a sulfate activator of slag hardening. The possibility of obtaining water-resistant free-of-cement excess-sulfate-slag binders with a compressive strength of hardened stone up to 50 MPa has been established. The features of the structure formation processes and the nature of new formations of free-of-cement excess-sulfate-slag binders with a phosphoanhydrite content of 40% have been revealed. Based on the combination of properties, the developed binder can become an effective replacement for Portland cement when solving the problems of obtaining large volumes of concrete of medium strength classes with low heat generation and high sulfate resistance, in cases where it is possible to ensure a favorable temperature and humidity regime for 28–90 days. Cement-free excess-sulfate-slag binders have prospects for further development, their production and application will entail a significant positive environmental and economic effect, which will consist of the possibility of recycling phosphogypsum into a commercial product with high added value, reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions into the environment, and freeing up territories occupied by waste storage.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Для устойчивого развития человечества необходимым условием является снижение объема выбросов СО<sub>2</sub>, доля которых приходится на производство портландцемента. В этой связи актуальной является разработка альтернативных продуктов, одним из которых, переживающим свое второе рождение, является сульфатно-шлаковое вяжущее. В статье рассматриваются вопросы получения его бесцементной разновидности с избыточным содержанием фосфоангидрита, выступающего в роли сульфатного активатора твердения шлака. Установлена возможность получения водостойких бесцементных избыточно-сульфатно-шлаковых вяжущих (БИСШВ) с пределом прочности при сжатии затвердевшего камня до 50 МПа. Выявлены особенности процессов структурообразования и характер новообразований БИСШВ с содержанием фосфоангидрита 40%. По совокупности свойств разработанное вяжущее может стать эффективной заменой портландцемента при решении задач получения больших объемов бетона средних классов по прочности с низким тепловыделением и высокой сульфатостойкостью, в тех случаях, когда имеется возможность обеспечить благоприятный температурно-влажностный режим на протяжении 28–90 сут. Бесцементные избыточно-сульфатно-шлаковые вяжущие имеют перспективы дальнейшего развития, их производство и применение повлечет существенный положительный экологический и экономический эффект, который будет складываться из возможности утилизации фосфогипса в товарный продукт с высокой добавочной стоимостью, снижения выбросов CO<sub>2</sub> в окружающую среду, высвобождения территорий, занятых складированием отходов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phosphogypsum</kwd><kwd>phosphoanhydrite</kwd><kwd>supersulfated cements</kwd><kwd>sulfate-slag binders</kwd><kwd>excess-sulfate-slag binders</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фосфогипс</kwd><kwd>фосфоангидрит</kwd><kwd>суперсульфатированные цементы</kwd><kwd>сульфатно-шлаковые вяжущие</kwd><kwd>избыточно-сульфатно-шлаковые вяжущие</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was realized under the support of the State Assignment for the creation of new laboratories in 2021, including under the guidance of young promising researchers of the national project “Science and Universities”. The research title is “Elaboration and development of scientific and technological foundations for creating an integrated technology for processing gypsum-containing waste from various industrial enterprises and searching of new ways to use processed products”, FZWG-2024-0001. Equipment from the High Technology Center at the Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University was used</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения государственного задания на создание в 2021 г. новых лабораторий, в том числе под руководством молодых перспективных исследователей национального проекта «Наука и университеты», по научной теме «Разработка и развитие научно-технологических основ создания комплексной технологии переработки гипсосодержащих отходов различных промышленных предприятий и поиск новых способов применения продуктов переработки» (FZWG-2024-0001) с использованием оборудования Центра высоких технологий БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salamanova M.Sh. Modern approaches to obtaining clinker-free binders of alkaline activation. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2021. No. 9, pp. 48–53. (In Russian). EDN: IGBBIZ. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-795-9-48-53</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саламанова М.Ш. Современные подходы к получению бесклинкерных вяжущих щелочной активации // Строительные материалы. 2021. № 9. С. 48–53. EDN: IGBBIZ. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2021-795-9-48-53</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Anand S., Vrat P., Dahiya R.P. Application of a system dynamics approach for assessment and mitigation of CO2 emissions from the cement industry. Journal of Environmental Management. 2006. Vol. 79 (4), pp. 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.08.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bashmakov I.A., Potapova E.N., Borisov K.B., Lebedev O.V., Guseva T.V. Cement sector decarbonization and development of environmental and energy management systems. Stroitel’nye Materialy [Construction Materials]. 2023. No. 9, pp. 4–12. (In Russian). EDN: DVGDSP. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-817-9-4-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Башмаков И.А., Потапова Е.Н., Борисов К.Б., Лебедев О.В., Гусева Т.В. Декарбонизация цементной отрасли и развитие систем экологического и энергетического менеджмента // Строительные материалы. 2023. № 9. С. 4–12. EDN: DVGDSP. https://doi.org/10.31659/0585-430X-2023-817-9-4-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfimova N.I., Levitskaya K.M., Elistratkin M.Yu., Bukhtiyarov I.Yu. Supersulphated cements: a review analysis of the features of properties, raw materials, production and application prospects. Vestnik of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2024. No. 7, pp. 8–24. EDN: QQDDQU. https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2024-9-7-8-24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алфимова Н.И., Левицкая К.М., Елистраткин М.Ю., Бухтияров И.Ю. Суперсульфатированные цементы: обзорный анализ особенностей свойств, сырья, перспектив производства и применения // Вестник БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова. 2024. № 7. С. 8–24. EDN: QQDDQU. https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2024-9-7-8-24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Wu Q., Xue Q., Yu Z. Research status of super sulfate cement. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021. Vol. 294. 126228. EDN: YOXEKY. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126228</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu S., Ouyang J., Ren J. Mechanism of calcination modification of phosphogypsum and its effect on the</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu S., Ouyang J., Ren J. Mechanism of calcination modification of phosphogypsum and its effect on the hydration properties of phosphogypsum-based supersulfated cement. Construction and Building Materials. 2020. Vol. 24320. 118226. EDN: QZVPDN. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118226</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">hydration properties of phosphogypsum-based supersulfated cement. Construction and Building Materials. 2020. Vol. 24320. 118226. EDN: QZVPDN. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118226</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juenger M.C.G., Winnefeld F., Provis J.L., Ideker J.H. Advances in alternative cementitious binders. Cement and Concrete Research. 2011. Vol. 41 (12), pp. 1232–1243. EDN: YCLVYR. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.11.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juenger M.C.G., Winnefeld F., Provis J.L., Ideker J.H. Advances in alternative cementitious binders. Cement and Concrete Research. 2011. Vol. 41 (12), pp. 1232–1243. EDN: YCLVYR. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.11.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levickaya K., Alfimova N., Nikulin I., Kozhukhova N., Buryanov A. The use of phosphogypsum as a source of raw materials for gypsum-based materials. Resources. 2024. Vol. 13. 69. EDN: XRXPKA. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13050069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levickaya K., Alfimova N., Nikulin I., Kozhukhova N., Buryanov A. The use of phosphogypsum as a source of raw materials for gypsum-based materials. Resources. 2024. Vol. 13. 69. EDN: XRXPKA. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources13050069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rashad A.M. Phosphogypsum as a construction material. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017. Vol. 166, pp. 732–743. EDN: YJTHTS. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rashad A.M. Phosphogypsum as a construction material. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017. Vol. 166, pp. 732–743. EDN: YJTHTS. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alfimova N., Levickaya K., Nikulin I., Elistratkin M., Kozhukhova N., Anosov N. Effect of phosphogypsum origin and calcination temperature on characteristics of supersulfated cements. Journal of Composites Science. 2025. Vol. 025 (9). 146. EDN: TYOSKH. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9040146</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfimova N., Levickaya K., Nikulin I., Elistratkin M., Kozhukhova N., Anosov N. Effect of phosphogypsum origin and calcination temperature on characteristics of supersulfated cements. Journal of Composites Science. 2025. Vol. 025 (9). 146. EDN: TYOSKH. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9040146</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Z., Sun T., Ouyang G., Li Z., Chen M., Li H., Wang K., Guo Y. Simultaneous enhanced phosphorus removal and hydration reaction: Utilisation of polyaluminium chloride and polyaluminium ferric chloride to modify phosphogypsum-based excess-sulphate slag cement. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2024. Vol. 476. 143712. EDN: BILTAR. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143712</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Z., Sun T., Ouyang G., Li Z., Chen M., Li H., Wang K., Guo Y. Simultaneous enhanced phosphorus removal and hydration reaction: Utilisation of polyaluminium chloride and polyaluminium ferric chloride to modify phosphogypsum-based excess-sulphate slag cement. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2024. Vol. 476. 143712. EDN: BILTAR. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143712</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Z., Sun T., Ouyang G., Li H., Li Z., He J. Role of polyferric sulphate in hydration regulation of phosphogypsum-based excess-sulphate slag cement: A multiscale investigation. Science of The Total Environment. 2024. Vol. 948. 173750. EDN: FPSNLB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173750</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Z., Sun T., Ouyang G., Li H., Li Z., He J. Role of polyferric sulphate in hydration regulation of phosphogypsum-based excess-sulphate slag cement: A multiscale investigation. Science of The Total Environment. 2024. Vol. 948. 173750. EDN: FPSNLB. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173750</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Z., Ouyang G., Li Z., Sun T., Li W., Deng Y., Chen J. Excess-sulphate phosphogypsum slag cement blended with magnesium ion: Part Ⅱ-the long-term microstructure characterisation and phase evolution. Construction and Building Materials. 2024. Vol. 431. 136513. EDN: NBMCRL. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136513</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Z., Ouyang G., Li Z., Sun T., Li W., Deng Y., Chen J. Excess-sulphate phosphogypsum slag cement blended with magnesium ion: Part Ⅱ-the long-term microstructure characterisation and phase evolution. Construction and Building Materials. 2024. Vol. 431. 136513. EDN: NBMCRL. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136513</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Couvidat J., Diliberto C., Meux E., Izoret L., Lecomte A. Greening effect of concrete containing granulated blast-furnace slag composite cement: Is there an environmental impact. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2020. 113. 103711. EDN: QMNMSQ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103711</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Couvidat J., Diliberto C., Meux E., Izoret L., Lecomte A. Greening effect of concrete containing granulated blast-furnace slag composite cement: Is there an environmental impact. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2020. 113. 103711. EDN: QMNMSQ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103711</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
