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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ethno review</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ethno review</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этнографическое обозрение</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-5415</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6274</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">672213</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869541523050147</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YESOQB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">From the first to the third wave of COVID-19: dynamics of anxious behavior in large Russian cities (Moscow and Rostov-on-Don)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>От первой к третьей волне COVID-19: динамика тревожного поведения в крупных городах России (Москва и Ростов-на-Дону))</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burkova</surname><given-names>V. N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буркова</surname><given-names>В. Н</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>burkovav@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Butovskaya</surname><given-names>M. L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутовская</surname><given-names>М. Л</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>marina.butovskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakov</surname><given-names>A. M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>А. М</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>amermakov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State University for the Humanities</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Don State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Донской государственный технический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO5 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№5 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>227</fpage><lpage>242</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5415/article/view/672213">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5415/article/view/672213</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has created the worst public health crisis in modern history. Stress in the face of the disease threat, a global restructuring of the common way of life, uncertainty and fears for the health and well-being of relatives and friends have led to an increase in anxiety among the population of all countries. Important risk factors for increased stress during the pandemic are sex, age, epidemiological experience, and place of residence. Large cities become centers of the spread of diseases due to the high population density, high mobility, and the presence of large transport hubs. The article examines the dynamics of anxious behavior during three waves of COVID-19 in 2020-2021, taking the cases of two largest Russian cities - Moscow and Rostov-on-Don (total sample - 4884 people). The analysis explains the regional and sex differences in anxious behavior and demonstrates the two main trends: on the one hand, there is an adaptation to the prolonged stress; on the other hand, the numbers of respondents with anxiety and depressive disorders are increasing, which may indicate the presence of post-traumatic stress.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Пандемия COVID-19 привела к серьезнейшему кризису общественного здравоохранения в современной истории. Стресс перед угрозой заболевания, глобальная перестройка привычного уклада жизни, неопределенность и опасения за здоровье и благополучие близких привели к повышению тревожности у населения всех стран. Важными факторами риска увеличения стресса на фоне пандемии являются пол, возраст, эпидемиологический опыт и место проживания. Крупные города становятся очагами распространения заболеваний из-за большой плотности населения, высокой мобильности, из-за наличия крупных транспортных узлов. В статье представлена динамика тревожного поведения во время COVID-19 в течение трех волн 2020-2021 гг. на примере двух крупнейших мегаполисов России - Москвы и Ростова-на-Дону (общая выборка - 4884 человек). Показаны региональные и гендерные различия тревожного поведения. Полученные результаты демонстрируют две главные тенденции: с одной стороны, происходит адаптация к длительному стрессу, с другой - количество респондентов с тревожными и депрессивными расстройствами увеличивается, что может указывать на наличие посттравматического стресса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>covid-19</kwd><kwd>covid-19</kwd><kwd>pandemic</kwd><kwd>three waves</kwd><kwd>dynamic of anxiety</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>megapolis</kwd><kwd>moscow</kwd><kwd>Rostov-on-Don</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пандемия</kwd><kwd>три волны</kwd><kwd>динамика тревожности</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>мегаполис</kwd><kwd>москва</kwd><kwd>Ростов-на-Дону</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Буркова В.Н., Бутовская М.Л., Дронова Д.А., Апалькова Ю.И. Эмпатия, тревожность и агрессия у московских студентов // Этнографическое обозрение. 2019. № 5. 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