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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ethno review</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ethno review</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этнографическое обозрение</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-5415</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6274</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">672224</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869541523040061</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HJGURG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Navayana of Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar: buddhist modernism as an instrument of social transformation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Наваяна Бхимрао Рамджи Амбедкара: буддийский модернизм как инструмент социальных преобразований</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbak</surname><given-names>M. B</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербак</surname><given-names>М. Б</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mariam.net@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO4 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№4 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5415/article/view/672224">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5415/article/view/672224</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the phenomenon of Navayana (Neo-Buddhism) created by Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891-1956) as an instrument of changing the social identity of the untouchables from the Mahar community. The problem of untouchability and vestiges of the caste system in India became more acute during the struggle for independence. To build a new Indian nation, it was necessary to include in its ranks all strata of Indian society, including communities of the so-called untouchables. The most interesting in this regard is the social project of B.R. Ambedkar, who tried, drawing on the history of the Mahar community on the one hand and the religious conversion on the other, to create a new social identity for the untouchables. Ambedkar advocated the complete destruction of the caste system in India and considered a complete break with Hinduism as the only opportunity for low castes to gain equal rights. Ambedkar saw the religious conversion as the only way of getting rid of untouchability.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена исследованию феномена наваяны (необуддизма), созданной Бхимрао Рамджи Амбедкаром (1891-1956) в качестве инструмента смены социальной идентичности сообщества махаров. Проблема пережитков кастовой системы в Индии обострилась в период борьбы за независимость. Для построения новой индийской нации необходимо было включить в ее ряды все страты индийского общества, в том числе так наз. неприкасаемых. Наиболее интересным в этой связи нам представляется социальный проект Амбедкара, который опираясь на историю сообщества махаров, с одной стороны, и используя религиозную конверсию - с другой, попытался создать для неприкасаемых новую социальную идентичность. Амбедкар выступал за уничтожение кастовой системы в Индии и рассматривал полный разрыв с индуизмом как единственную возможность для низких каст обрести равные со всеми права. Он считал, что только религиозная конверсия позволит избавиться от бремени неприкасаемости.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar</kwd><kwd>Mahars</kwd><kwd>navayana</kwd><kwd>religious conversion</kwd><kwd>social constructivism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Б.Р. Амбедкар</kwd><kwd>махары</kwd><kwd>Наваяна</kwd><kwd>религиозная конверсия</kwd><kwd>социальный конструктивизм</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Агаджанян А.С. Буддийский путь в ХХ веке. М.: Восточная литература, 1993.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Бочковская А.В. Прах памяти и единения // Смерть в Махараштре. Воображение, восприятие, воплощение / Ред. И.П. Глушкова. М.: Наталис, 2012. С. 755-763.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Успенская Е.Н. Антропология индийской касты. 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