<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ethno review</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ethno review</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этнографическое обозрение</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-5415</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6274</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">672511</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869541524030079</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BRFIOW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Special theme of the issue: Humans buying and selling: anthropology of trade (people, goods, structures, relationships)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Специальная тема номера: Человек покупающий – человек продающий: антропология торговли (люди, товары, структуры, отношения)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Icelandic souvenirs: tourist gaze vs local gaze</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исландские сувениры: “взгляд туриста” vs “местный взгляд”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-6155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kucherova</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучерова</surname><given-names>Ирина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio><p>младший научный сотрудник центра европейских исследований</p></bio><email>ikucherova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5415/article/view/672511">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5415/article/view/672511</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article focuses on the post-crisis representation of Iceland through souvenirs as the result of the negotiation between the “tourist gaze” and the “local gaze”. Drawing on the materials of field work in Reykjavik as well as media articles, I analyze the impact of tourist boom on souvenir production; the local strategies of the “proper” souvenirs’ promotion; the shifting of the most popular souvenirs towards the “local” or the “tourist” due to the influence of the “mutual gaze”.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена послекризисной репрезентации Исландии в сувенирах как результату взаимодействия “взгляда туриста” и “местного взгляда”. На материалах полевых исследований автора и публицистических текстов рассматриваются изменения, происходящие в сувенирной продукции под влиянием туристического бума; местные стратегии продвижения “правильных” исландских сувениров; динамика сдвига наиболее популярных сувениров в “местную” или “туристическую” сторону под влиянием “обоюдного взгляда”.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iceland</kwd><kwd>tourist boom</kwd><kwd>souvenirs</kwd><kwd>tourist gaze</kwd><kwd>local gaze</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Исландия</kwd><kwd>туристический бум</kwd><kwd>сувениры</kwd><kwd>взгляд туриста</kwd><kwd>местный взгляд</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benediktsson, K., K.A. Lund, and E.H. Huijbens. 2011. Inspired by Eruptions? Eyjafjallajökull and Icelandic Tourism. Mobilities 6: 77–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benediktsson K., Lund K.A., Huijbens E.H. Inspired by Eruptions? Eyjafjallajökull and Icelandic tourism // Mobilities. 2011. No. 6. P. 77–84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collins-Kreiner, N., and Y. Zins. 2011. Tourists and Souvenirs: Changes Through Time, Space and Meaning. Journal of Heritage Tourism 6 (1): 17–27. https://doi.org/10. 1080/1743873X.2010.515312</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collins-Kreiner N., Zins Y. Tourists and Souvenirs: Changes Through Time, Space and Meaning // Journal of Heritage Tourism. 2011. No. 6 (1). P. 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2010.515312</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidson, P. 2005. The Idea of North. London: Reaction Books.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davidson P. The Idea of North. L.: Reaction Books, 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dibben, N. 2009. Nature and Nation: National Identity and Environmentalism in Icelandic Popular Music Video and Music Documentary. Ethnomusicology Forum 18 (1): 131–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/17411910902816542</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dibben N. Nature and Nation: National Identity and Environmentalism in Icelandic Popular Music Video and Music Documentary // Ethnomusicology Forum. 2009. Vol. 18. No. 1. P. 131–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/17411910902816542</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Donlan, K. 2016. The Lopapeysa: A Vehicle to Explore the Performance of Icelandic National Identity. Honors Thesis Collection. 335. https://repository.wellesley.edu/thesiscollection/335</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Donlan K. The Lopapeysa: A Vehicle to Explore the Performance of Icelandic National Identity. 2016. Honors Thesis Collection. 335. https://repository.wellesley.edu/thesiscollection/335</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Einarsson, M. 1996. The Wandering Semioticians: Tourism and the Image of Modern Iceland. In Images of Contemporary Iceland: Everyday Lives and Global Contexts, edited by G. Pálsson, E.P. Durrenberger, 215–235. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Einarsson M. The Wandering Semioticians: Tourism and the Image of Modern Iceland // Images of Contemporary Iceland: Everyday Lives and Global Contexts / Ed.G. Pálsson, E.P. Durrenberger. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1996. P. 215–235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon, B. 1986. The Souvenir: Messenger of the Extraordinary. The Journal of Popular Culture 20 (3): 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022–3840.1986</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon B. The Souvenir: Messenger of the Extraordinary // The Journal of Popular Culture. 1986. No. 20 (3). P. 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022–3840.1986</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graburn, N.H.H. 1989. Tourism: The Sacred Journey. In Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, edited by V.L. Smith, 21–36. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graburn N.H.H. Tourism: The Sacred Journey // Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism / Ed. V.L. Smith. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. P. 21–36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hálfdanarson, G. 2011. Interpreting the Nordic Past: Icelandic Medieval Manuscripts and the Construction of a Modern Nation. In: The Uses of the Middle Ages in Modern European States. Writing the Nation, edited by R.J.W. Evans, G.P. Marchal, 52–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hálfdanarson G. Interpreting the Nordic Past: Icelandic Medieval Manuscripts and the Construction of a Modern Nation // The Uses of the Middle Ages in Modern European States. Writing the Nation /Ed. by R.J.W. Evans, G.P. Marchal. L.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. P. 52–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Helgason, J.K. 1999. The Rewriting of Njals Saga: Translation, Politics and Icelandic Sagas. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Helgason J.K. The Rewriting of Njals Saga: Translation, Politics and Icelandic Sagas. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kjartansdóttir, K., and K. Schram. 2020. Mobilizing the Arctic: Polar Bears and Puffins in Transnational Interplay. In Mobility and Transnational Iceland: Current Transformations and Global Entanglements, edited by K. Loftsdóttir, U.D. Skaptadóttir, and S.B. Hafsteinsson, 209–228. Reykjavík: University of Iceland.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kjartansdóttir K., Schram K. Mobilizing the Arctic: Polar Bears and Puffins in Transnational Interplay // Mobility and Transnational Iceland: Current Transformations and Global Entanglements / Ed.K. Loftsdóttir, U.D. Skaptadóttir, S.B. Hafsteinsson. Reykjavík: University of Iceland, 2020. P. 209–228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kress, H. 1980. “Mjök mun þér samstaft þykkja”: Um sagnahefð og kvenlega reynslu í Laxdæla sögu [“Mjök mun þér samstaft þykkja”: On Storytelling and Female Experience in the Saga of the people of Laxardal]. In Konur skrifa: til heiðurs Önnu Sigurðardóttur [Women Write: In Honour of Anna Sigurðardóttir], edited by V. Bentsdóttir, G. Gísladóttir, and S. Baldursdóttir, 97–109. Reykjavík: Sögufelagið.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kress H. “Mjök mun þér samstaft þykkja”: Um sagnahefð og kvenlega reynslu í Laxdæla sögu // Konur skrifa: til heiðurs Önnu Sigurðardóttur / Ritn. V. Bentsdóttir, G. Gísladóttir, S. Baldursdóttir. Reykjavík: Sögufelagið, 1980. S. 97–109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larsen, J. 2014. Ch. 24. The Tourist Gaze 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0. In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Tourism, edited by A.A. Lew, C.M. Hall, and A.M. Williams, 304–313. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larsen J. Ch. 24. The Tourist Gaze 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 // The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Tourism / Ed. A.A. Lew, C.M. Hall, A.M. Williams. Chichester: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2014. P. 304–313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loftsdóttir, K. 2009. Krjarnmesta fólkið í heimi. Þrástef íslenskar þjóðernishyggju í gegnum lýðveldisbaráttu, utrás og kreppu [The Most Resilient People in the World: Icelandic Nationalism and Identity During the Colonial Period, Economic Expansion and Crash]. Ritið 2–3: 113–139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loftsdóttir K. Krjarnmesta fólkið í heimi. Þrástef íslenskar þjóðernishyggju í gegnum lýðveldisbaráttu, utrás og kreppu // Ritið. 2009. No. 2–3. S. 113–139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loftsdóttir, K. 2019. Crisis and Coloniality at Europe’s Margins: Creating Exotic Iceland. Oxon: Routledge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loftsdóttir K. Crisis and Coloniality at Europe’s Margins: Creating Exotic Iceland. Oxon: Routledge, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lund, K.A., K. Kjartansdóttir, and K. Loftsdóttir. 2018. “Puffin Love”: Performing and Creating Arctic Landscapes in Iceland Through Souvenirs. Tourist Studies 18 (2): 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797617722353</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lund K.A., Kjartansdóttir K., Loftsdóttir K. “Puffin love”: Performing and Creating Arctic Landscapes in Iceland Through Souvenirs // Tourist Studies. 2018. Vol. 18 (2). P. 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797617722353</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maoz, D. 2006. Mutual Gaze. Annals of Tourism Research 33 (1): 221–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.10.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maoz D. Mutual Gaze // Annals of Tourism Research. 2006. Vol. 33. No. 1. P. 221–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.10.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oslund, K. 2011. Iceland Imagined: Nature, Culture, and Storytelling in the North Atlantic. Seattle: University of Washington Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oslund K. Iceland Imagined: Nature, Culture, and Storytelling in the North Atlantic. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schram, K. 2011. Borealism: Folkloristic Perspectives on Transnational Performances and the Exoticism of the North. PhD diss. The University of Edinburgh.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schram K. Borealism: Folkloristic Perspectives on Transnational Performances and the Exoticism of the North. PhD diss. The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sigfúsdóttir, Ó.G. 2011. Nature, Nostalgia, and Narrative: Material Identity in Icelandic Design. In Iceland and Images of the North, edited by S.R. Ísleifsson and D. Chartier, 351–372. Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sigfúsdóttir Ó.G. Nature, Nostalgia, and Narrative: Material Identity in Icelandic Design // Iceland and Images of the North / Ed. S.R. Ísleifsson, D. Chartier. Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec, 2011. P. 351–372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sigurðsson, G. 1996. Icelandic National Identity: From Romanticism to Tourism. In Making Europe in Nordic Context, edited by P. Antonen, 41–75. Turku: NIF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sigurðsson G. Icelandic National Identity: From Romanticism to Tourism // Making Europe in Nordic Context / Ed.P. Antonen. Turku: NIF, 1996. P. 41–75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steinþórsdóttir, G., and B.S. Kristjánsdóttir. 2019. Lundaleppar, norðurljósasokkabuxur og hrossatað. Vangaveltur um minjagripi, ferðamennsku og sjálfsmyndir þjóðar [Puffin Sleeping Mask, Northern Lights Pantyhose and Horse Doo Doo: Thoughts about Souvenirs, Tourism and National Identity]. Ritið 3: 199–228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steinþórsdóttir G., Kristjánsdóttir B.S. Lundaleppar, norðurljósasokkabuxur og hrossatað. Vangaveltur um minjagripi, ferðamennsku og sjálfsmyndir þjóðar // Ritið. 2019. No. 3. S. 199–228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sæþórsdóttir, A., C. Hall, and J. Saarinen. 2011. Making Wilderness: Tourism and the History of the Wilderness Idea in Iceland. Polar Geography 34: 249–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2011.643928</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sæþórsdóttir A., Hall C., Saarinen J. Making Wilderness: Tourism and the History of the Wilderness Idea in Iceland // Polar Geography. 2011. No. 34. P. 249–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2011.643928</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urry, J. 1990. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. London: Sage.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urry J. The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies. L.: Sage, 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urry, J., and J. Larsen. 2011. The Tourist Gaze 3.0. London: Sage.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urry J., Larsen J. The Tourist Gaze 3.0. L.: Sage, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
