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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ethno review</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ethno review</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этнографическое обозрение</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-5415</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6274</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">683036</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869541525010055</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">URQDVZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Visual anthropology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Визуальная антропология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Traditional and Non-Traditional Means of Visualizing the Ritе: The “Bear Festival” of the Nivkhi and Ainu (Mid-19th – Late 20th Centuries) [Traditsionnye i netraditsionnye (spetsificheskie) sredstva vizualizatsii obriada: “medvezhii prazdnik” nivhov i ainov (seredina XIX – konets XX v.)].</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Традиционные и нетрадиционные (специфические) средства визуализации обряда: “медвежий праздник” нивхов и айнов (середина XIX – конец ХХ в.)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9486-1861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>Марина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio><p>к. и. н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник отдела этнографии Сибири</p></bio><email>ainu07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Музей антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-05"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5415/article/view/683036">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5415/article/view/683036</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is an attempt to discuss the ritual complex of the Nivkhi and Ainu, called the “bear festival of the Amur-Sakhalin type”, by examining a wide range of visual means such as painting, drawing, photography, films, etc. I explore both the typical means of visualization that are commonly addressed by researchers (drawings, paintings, photos, and films), and the means that have received less attention (arts and crafts, decorative arts, particularly depictions on various ritual objects). I argue that a broader contextualized study of the latter is important both as a way of expanding ethnographic knowledge and as a way of helping those inquiring into the topic of bear festivals among native peoples of the Pacific coast better understand the range of available verbal and non-verbal information pertaining to what essentially has been one of the most significant rites of the Nivkhi and Ainu.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье предпринимается попытка впервые с помощью широкого спектра визуальных средств представить ушедший в историю обрядовый комплекс нивхов и айнов, именуемый “медвежий праздник амуро-сахалинского типа”. Автор анализирует как традиционно используемые исследователями визуальные источники (живописные работы, рисунки, фотографии и кинофильмы), так и специфический иллюстративный контент (образцы декоративно-прикладного искусства, в данном случае изображения на ритуальных предметах нивхов и айнов). Контекстуализация и введение в научный оборот нетрадиционных средств визуализации позволит расширить область этнографического знания и поможет тем, кто впервые обращается к теме “медвежьего праздника” коренных народов тихоокеанского побережья, сориентироваться в потоке информации (вербальной и невербальной) об одном из главных обрядов нивхов и айнов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>visual means</kwd><kwd>visual sources</kwd><kwd>studying rituals</kwd><kwd>bear festival</kwd><kwd>Nivkhi</kwd><kwd>Ainu</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>визуальные средства</kwd><kwd>визуальные источники</kwd><kwd>изучение обряда</kwd><kwd>нивхи</kwd><kwd>айны</kwd><kwd>медвежий праздник</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baba, O.M. 1949. Iku-Nishi of the Saghalien Ainu. 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