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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ethno review</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ethno review</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этнографическое обозрение</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-5415</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6274</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">686653</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи и материалы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Color Ethnonyms among the Turkic Peoples: An Attempt at Generalization and Conceptualization</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цветовые этнонимы у тюркских народов: опыт обобщения и концептуализации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7344-0996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tishin</surname><given-names>Vladimir</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тишин</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела истории, этнологии и социологии</p></bio><email>tihij-511@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8012-2515</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nanzatov</surname><given-names>Bair</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нанзатов</surname><given-names>Баир Зориктоевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела истории, этнологии и социологии</p></bio><email>nanzatov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-03"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-03"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5415/article/view/686653">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5415/article/view/686653</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article, we attempt to assess the distribution of color designations or color markers in the ethnonymy of the Turkic peoples and to consider the practice of their use in a specific historical and cultural context, that is taking into account the chronology and geography of the recording of such ethnonyms. The article focuses on two-component ethnonyms where the word denoting color is used as an adjective. Dominant in the nomenclature of ethnonyms of Turkic peoples are usually color markers such as <italic>qara</italic> (black), <italic>sar</italic><italic>ï</italic><italic>γ</italic> (yellow), and <italic>aq</italic> (white), while less commonly these might be <italic>q</italic><italic>ï</italic><italic>z</italic><italic>ï</italic><italic>l</italic> (red) or <italic>k</italic><italic>ö</italic><italic>k</italic> (blue). Historically, we encounter the opposition “black–yellow” earlier, and “black–white” later. In all historical periods, the word <italic>qara</italic> (black), based on its original semantics, had the meaning of “ordinary”, “common”, which implied the presence of a contextual opposition. In some cases, this marker may be added to the names of secondary or subordinated groups that have separated from the original community designated by the main ethnonym; in others, this marker designates the original communities, as opposed to the bearers of the same name with other markers. We argue that, at present, there are no reliable grounds for talking about the identification of any specific patterns. The existing explanations relating color ethnonyms to the designation of political-administrative divisions or markers of spatial-geographical orientation remain at the level of hypotheses and cannot be applied to all cases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной статье предлагается попытка обобщения использования цветовых маркеров в этнонимике тюркских народов и рассмотрение данной практики в историко-культурном контексте, т.е. с учетом хронологии и географии её фиксации. За основу взяты двухкомпонентные этнонимы, в которых слово, обозначающее цвет, выполняет функцию детерминатива. В этнонимической номенклатуре тюркских народов доминируют такие маркеры, как <italic>qara</italic> – “черный”, <italic>sar</italic><italic>ïγ</italic> – “желтый”, <italic>aq</italic> – “белый”, реже <italic>q</italic><italic>ï</italic><italic>z</italic><italic>ï</italic><italic>l</italic> – “красный” и <italic>k</italic><italic>ö</italic><italic>k</italic> – “голубой”. Исторически раньше фиксируется оппозиция “черный–желтый”, позднее – “черный–белый”. Во все периоды слово <italic>qara</italic>, исходя из первоначальной семантики, показывает значение “обыкновенный, простой, ничем не отличающийся”, подразумевающее контекстуальную оппозицию. В одних случаях маркер может добавляться к названиям групп, отделившихся от исходного, обозначаемого основным этнонимом сообщества (иногда имеющих иерархически подчиненный ему статус), в других – так обозначаются исходные сообщества, противопоставляющиеся носителям такого же именования, но с другими маркерами (маркер + исходный этноним). Говорить о выявлении каких-либо определенных закономерностей, по мнению авторов, в настоящий момент оснований нет. Объяснения, сводящие существование цветовых этнонимов к обозначению политико-административного деления или символике пространственной ориентации, остаются на уровне гипотез и не могут быть применены ко всем случаям.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ethnonyms</kwd><kwd>Turkic peoples</kwd><kwd>identity</kwd><kwd>color designations</kwd><kwd>semantics</kwd><kwd>chronology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>этнонимика</kwd><kwd>тюркские народы</kwd><kwd>идентичность</kwd><kwd>цветовые маркеры</kwd><kwd>семантика</kwd><kwd>хронология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд (грант)</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation (grant)</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-28-00385</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abramzon, S.M., and L.P. 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