Вестник Российской академии наукВестник Российской академии наук0869-5873The Russian Academy of Sciences1423510.31857/S0869-5873896571-581Research ArticleExotic nucleiJonsonB.bjorn.jonson@chalmers.seChalmers University of Technology2106201989657158120062019Copyright © 2019, Russian academy of sciences2019<p style="text-align: justify;">One of the most interesting and intensively examined research directions in nuclear physics, i.e., the production and investigation of exotic nuclei in the vicinity of drip-lines is investigated. An historical overview of the development of research area is provided. Methods to produce such nuclei realized at the foremost research facilities in the world, e.g., CERN in Switzerland and GSI in Germany, are described. The critical change of the nuclear structure on approaching proton and neutron drip-lines, as well as the results of experimental studies of neutron- and proton-rich nuclei, the mechanism of neutron halo formation in neutron-rich isotopes of helium, lithium, beryllium, and boron, are discussed. In addition, medical applications of radioactive beams are discussed briefly.</p>radioactive beamnuclear drip-lineexotic nucleiISOLDE facilityheavy ion acceleratorfragment separatorbeta-delayed proton emissionnuclear haloneutron- and proton-rich nucleiFAIR projectBorromean nucleusCERN-MEDICIS project: радиоактивный пучокграница ядерной стабильностиэкзотические ядрапроект ISOLDEускоритель тяжёлых ионовфрагмент-сепараторбета-задержанный протонный распадядерное галонейтронно- и протонно-избыточные ядрапроект FAIRбороминовское ядропроект CERN-MEDICIS[Hansen P. G., Jensen A. S., Jonson B. Nuclear Halos // Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 1995. V. 45. № 1. P. 591 – 634.][Jonson B. Light Dripline Nuclei // Physics Reports. 2004. V. 389. № 1. Р. 1 – 59.][Chulkov L. V., Jonson B., Zhukov M. V. Light Nuclei in the Vicinity of the Dripline and Beyond // Eur. Phys. J. A. 2015. V. 51. № 8. Р. 97 – 120.][Zhukov M. V., Danilin B. V., Fedorov D. V. et al. Bound state properties of Borromean halo nuclei 6He and 11LI // Physics Reports. 1993. V. 231. № 4. P. 151 – 199.][Pfützner M., Karny M., Grigorenko L. V., Riisager K. Radioactive decays at limits of nuclear stability // Rev. Mod. Phys. 2012. V. 84. № 2. Р. 567 – 619.][Durante M., Indelicato P., Jonson B. et al. All the Fun of the FAIR: Fundamental physics at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research // Phys. Scr. In press.][Borge M. J. G., Jonson B. ISOLDE past, present and future // J. Phys. G. Nucl. Part. Phys. 2017. V. 44. № 4. Р. 044011.][Fomichev A. S., Grigorenko L. V., Krupko S. A. et al. The ACCULINA-2 project: The physics case and technical challenges // Eur. Phys. J. A. 2018. V. 54. № 6. Р. 97 – 118.]