<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-5873</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5200</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">659535</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869587323100031</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HFTNRL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ECOLOGY AND CLIMATE: WHERE WE ARE NOW AND WHERE WE WILL BE IN TWO OR THREE DECADES. <italic>GLOBAL TRENDS</italic></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЭКОЛОГИЯ И КЛИМАТ: ГДЕ МЫ СЕЙЧАС И ГДЕ БУДЕМ ЧЕРЕЗ ДВА-ТРИ ДЕСЯТИЛЕТИЯ ОБЩЕМИРОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilov-Danilyan</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилов-Данильян</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vidd38@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kattsov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катцов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>director@main.mgo.rssi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Porfiriev</surname><given-names>B. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порфирьев</surname><given-names>Б. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>b_porfiriev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Water Porblems Institute, Russian Scademy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт водных проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory of the Roshydromet</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Главная геофизическая обсерватория им. А.И. Воейкова Росгидромета</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences,</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>93</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>930</fpage><lpage>941</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, В.И. Данилов-Данильян, В.М. Катцов, Б.Н. Порфирьев</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, В.И. Данилов-Данильян, В.М. Катцов, Б.Н. Порфирьев</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">В.И. Данилов-Данильян, В.М. Катцов, Б.Н. Порфирьев</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">В.И. Данилов-Данильян, В.М. Катцов, Б.Н. Порфирьев</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5873/article/view/659535">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5873/article/view/659535</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45257552191472">The article is the first of the two contributions based upon the authors’ studies and reports provided to Horizon-2040. The latter is a project organized by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives serving a platform for strategic dialogue to determine the role and position of Russia in the international arena in 2040 and produce scenarios for the national long-term development trends in the key areas, environment and climate inclusive. The current state of the global environmental and climate change issues is contemplated. Also considered is dynamics of these issues within the past 50 years in terms of the global sustainable development priorities. A qualitative forecast of the state and expected developments in coping with the issues above by 2040 is introduced. The key challenges associated with the World Ocean, land waters, air quality, environmental situation in the cities, climate and biodiversity issues are briefly discussed. The priority strategic role of biodiversity in sustainable development of the world community and economy within the long term perspective is substantiated. Emphasized arwpoor understanding and under-evaluation of adaptation policy role in the global climate agenda. Distinguished are the four types of key events according to their contribution to the <italic>homo ecologicus</italic> formation. Also disclosed are the four key factors precipitating the existing poor situation in environmental and climate policy areas and tendencies of their further deterioration which (factors) involve public awareness, value system and human activity attitudes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45257552191376">Вниманию читателей предлагается первая из двух статей, подготовленных на основе исследований и докладов авторов в рамках организованного Агентством стратегических инициатив проекта “Горизонт 2040”. Это площадка для стратегического диалога с целью определить позиции России на международной арене в 2040 г. и предложить сценарии долгосрочного внутреннего развития по ключевым направлениям, включая экологию и климат. Оцениваются современное состояние глобальных экологических и климатических проблем, их динамика с точки зрения приоритетов мировой политики в области устойчивого развития за последние 50 лет. Представлен качественный прогноз изменений состояния и перспектив решения указанных проблем к 2040 г. Кратко рассматриваются ключевые проблемы Мирового океана, вод суши, качества воздуха, экологической ситуации в городах, климата и биоразнообразия. Обосновывается приоритетная стратегическая роль биоразнообразия в обеспечении устойчивого развития общества и экономики на долгосрочный период. Кроме того, делается акцент на недооценке адаптации в мировой климатической политике. Выделяются четыре типа ключевых событий согласно их роли в становлении “экологического человека” и четыре ключевых фактора, обусловливающие неудовлетворительную ситуацию в сфере экологии и климатологии и тенденции её дальнейшего ухудшения. Эти факторы относятся к сфере общественного сознания, системы ценностей и деятельностных установок человека.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ecology</kwd><kwd>ecological culture</kwd><kwd>biodiversity</kwd><kwd>climate</kwd><kwd>economy</kwd><kwd>adaptation.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экология</kwd><kwd>экологическая культура</kwd><kwd>биоразнообразие</kwd><kwd>климат</kwd><kwd>экономика</kwd><kwd>адаптация.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Stockholm Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. 1972. https://stockholmdeclaration.org/about/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers // Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2021. P. 3–32. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Niccolucci V., Pulselli F., Tiezzi M.E. Strengthening the threshold hypothesis: Economic and biophysical limits to growth // Ecological Economics. 2007. V. 60. P. 667–672.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Rockström J., Steffen W., Noone K. et al. Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity // Ecology and Society. 2009. V. 14 (2). Art. 32.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Rockström J., Gupta J., Qin D. et al. Safe and just Earth system boundaries // Nature. 2023. V. 619 (7968). P. 102–111.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>UNESCO’s Contribution to the UN World Water Development Report. 2015. Facing the Challenges. Case Studies and Indicators. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ images/0023/002321/232179E.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>https:/report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg2/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGII_ SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>State of Global Air 2020. Special Report. Boston: Health Effects Institute, 2020. https://www.stateofglobalair.org/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions “First 'Zero pollution' Monitoring and Outlook: Pathways towards cleaner air, water and soil for Europe”. 2020. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ PDF/?uri=CELEX:52022DC0674</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>IPCC, 2022: Summary for Policymakers // Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, 2022.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Health impact of Air Quality in Europe 2022. European Environmental Agency (EEA) Web Report 2022. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/health-impacts-of-air-pollution</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Данилов-Данильян В.И. Экологические, экономические и политические аспекты проблемы Киотского протокола // Возможности предотвращения изменений климата и его негативных последствий. Проблема Киотского протокола: материалы Совета-семинара при президенте РАН / Под ред. Ю.А. Израэля. М.: Наука, 2006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>The Global Risks Report 2023. World Economic Forum 2023. https://www.weforum.org/reports/global-risks-report-2023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>United Nations Environment Programme. Adaptation Gap Report 2022: Too Little, Too Slow – Climate adaptation failure puts world at risk. Nairobi, 2022. https://www.unep.org/adaptation-gap-report-2022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Порфирьев Б.Н. Декарбонизация versus адаптация экономики к климатическим изменениям в стратегии устойчивого развития // Проблемы прогнозирования. 2022. № 4. С. 45–54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Deutz A., Heal G.M., Niu R. et al. Financing Nature: Closing the global biodiversity financing gap. The Paulson Institute, The Nature Conservancy, and the Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, 2020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Acting on Internal Climate Migration // Доклад Всемирного банка Groundswell. 2021. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/ 2c9150df-52c3-58ed-9075-d78ea56c3267</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
