Herald of the Russian Academy of SciencesHerald of the Russian Academy of SciencesВестник Российской академии наук0869-58733034-5200The Russian Academy of Sciences65957310.31857/S0869587323070071RQONHBПРОБЛЕМЫ ЭКОЛОГИИUnknownAerosol pollution of the Moscow megacity by polyaromatic hydrocarbons: Seasonal variability and toxicological risksАЭРОЗОЛЬНОЕ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ МОСКОВСКОГО МЕГАПОЛИСА ПОЛИАРОМАТИЧЕСКИМИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДАМИ: СЕЗОННАЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ И ТОКСИКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РИСКИSemenovaA. V.СемёноваА. В.vestnik.ran@yandex.ruPopovichevaO. B.ПоповичеваО. Б.vestnik.ran@yandex.ruZavgorodnyayaYu. A.ЗавгородняяЮ. А.vestnik.ran@yandex.ruChichaevaM. A.ЧичаеваМ. А.vestnik.ran@yandex.ruKovachR. G.КовачР. Г.vestnik.ran@yandex.ruKoshelevaN. E.КошелеваН. Е.vestnik.ran@yandex.ruMinkinaT. M.МинкинаТ. М.vestnik.ran@yandex.ruKasimovN. S.КасимовН. С.vestnik.ran@yandex.ruMoscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет имени М.В. ЛомоносоваSkobel’tsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State UniversityНИИ ядерной физики им. Д.В. Скобельцына МГУ имени М.В. ЛомоносоваSouthern Federal UniversityЮжный федеральный университет0107202393766968320022025Copyright ©; 2023, А.В. Семёнова, О.Б. Поповичева, Ю.А. Завгородняя, М.А. Чичаева, Р.Г. Ковач, Н.Е. Кошелева, Т.М. Минкина, Н.С. КасимовCopyright ©; 2023, А.В. Семёнова, О.Б. Поповичева, Ю.А. Завгородняя, М.А. Чичаева, Р.Г. Ковач, Н.Е. Кошелева, Т.М. Минкина, Н.С. Касимов2023А.В. Семёнова, О.Б. Поповичева, Ю.А. Завгородняя, М.А. Чичаева, Р.Г. Ковач, Н.Е. Кошелева, Т.М. Минкина, Н.С. КасимовА.В. Семёнова, О.Б. Поповичева, Ю.А. Завгородняя, М.А. Чичаева, Р.Г. Ковач, Н.Е. Кошелева, Т.М. Минкина, Н.С. Касимовhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5873/article/view/659573

Research on air pollution in large cities by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is one of the priority tasks for assessing air quality and environmental risks to public health. The chemical composition of aerosols sampled in spring (2018), 2019, and winter (2019–2020) at the Aerosol Complex of Moscow State University, located on the background territory of the Moscow Megacity, is analyzed. Sixteen priority PAH compounds were identified using gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The median value of the total concentration of the 16 PAHs (Σ16PAH) increases from the spring season (1.43 ng/m3) to the fall season (1.68 ng/m3) and then to the winter season (2.47 ng/m3). Based on the diagnostic relationships of PAHs, the dominant contribution of transport, industrial enterprises, and the heating system to the total emissions was determined. Pollution roses indicate the location of sources of maximum concentrations of low-, medium-, and high-molecular PAHs. Pollution episodes are distinguished: in the spring of 2018 under the influence of the transport of smoke plumes of agricultural fires and in the fall of 2019 as a result of petrogenic emissions and an increase in biomass burning in the residential sector around Moscow. In the winter and fall seasons, the highest values of carcinogenic (0.45 and 0.42) and mutagenic (0.58 and 0.55) equivalents for benzo(a)pyrene were recorded in comparison with the spring season (0.26 and 0.38). The lifetime risk of developing lung cancer, calculated from the data for three seasons, is 0.5 cases per one million people.

Изучение загрязнения атмосферы крупных городов полициклическими ароматическими углеводородами (ПАУ) относится к приоритетным задачам оценки качества воздуха и экологических рисков для здоровья населения. Авторами проведён анализ химического состава аэрозолей, отобранных в весенний (2018), осенний и зимний (2019–2020) сезоны на Аэрозольном комплексе МГУ, который располагается на условно фоновой территории московского мегаполиса. Методами газовой хроматографии, масс-спектрометрии и высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии определены 16 приоритетных соединений ПАУ. Медианное значение суммарной концентрации 16 ПАУ (Σ16ПАУ) увеличивается от весеннего сезона (1.43 нг/м3) к осеннему (1.68 нг/м3) и далее – к зимнему (2.47 нг/м3). На основании диагностических отношений ПАУ определён доминирующий вклад транспорта, промышленных предприятий и отопительной системы в общий объём выбросов. Розы загрязнений указывают на расположение источников максимальных концентраций низко-, средне- и высокомолекулярных ПАУ. Выделяются эпизоды загрязнений: весной 2018 г. под воздействием переноса дымовых шлейфов сельскохозяйственных пожаров, осенью 2019 г. в результате петрогенных эмиссий и увеличения сжигания биомассы в жилом секторе вокруг Москвы. В зимний и осенний сезоны зафиксированы наибольшие значения канцерогенного (0.45 и 0.42) и мутагенного (0.58 и 0.55) эквивалентов по бенз(а)пирену в сравнении с весенним (0.26 и 0.38). Пожизненный риск развития рака лёгких, рассчитанный по данным за три сезона, составляет 0.5 случая на 1 млн человек.

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