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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-5873</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5200</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">659640</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869587323010048</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EMYUIN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ИЗ РАБОЧЕЙ ТЕТРАДИ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Long-term demographic forecasting</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ДОЛГОСРОЧНОЕ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vestnik.ran@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakhtizin</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бахтизин</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vestnik.ran@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hua</surname><given-names>Luo</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хуа</surname><given-names>Луо</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vestnik.ran@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jie</surname><given-names>Wu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цзе</surname><given-names>Ву</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vestnik.ran@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zili</surname><given-names>Wu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зили</surname><given-names>Ву</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vestnik.ran@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorenko</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоренко</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vestnik.ran@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Economics and Mathematics Institute (CEMI), Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центральный экономико-математический институт РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shanghai International Studies University (SISU)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Шанхайский институт иностранных языков</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Economic and Social Integration and Forecasting, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Guangzhou Milestone Software Co., Ltd., Гуанчжоу, Китай 
Центр экономической и социальной интеграции и прогнозирования Академии общественных наук КНР, Пекин, Китай
Академия социальных наук провинции Гуандун</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff4"><institution>Guangzhou Milestone Software Co., Ltd.</institution></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Academic University for the Humanities (GAUGN)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный университет гуманитарных наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>93</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, В.Л. Макаров, А.Р. Бахтизин, Луо Хуа, Ву Цзе, Ву Зили, М.Ю. Сидоренко</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, В.Л. Макаров, А.Р. Бахтизин, Луо Хуа, Ву Цзе, Ву Зили, М.Ю. Сидоренко</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">В.Л. Макаров, А.Р. Бахтизин, Луо Хуа, Ву Цзе, Ву Зили, М.Ю. Сидоренко</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">В.Л. Макаров, А.Р. Бахтизин, Луо Хуа, Ву Цзе, Ву Зили, М.Ю. Сидоренко</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5873/article/view/659640">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5873/article/view/659640</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of the latest demographic forecasts from the world’s leading specialized centers (United Nations Population Division, the Wittgenstein Center for Demography and Global Human Capital, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) are considered, demonstrating a certain bias in favor of individual countries and their calculation methods. The second part of this article provides a description of a digital twin of the planet’s demographic system constructed by a Chinese−Russian team and implemented in China’s national supercomputer center. In addition, the results of some calculations carried out using this tool are described.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181323812400">В работе рассмотрены результаты последних демографических прогнозов от ведущих мировых специализированных центров (Отдел народонаселения ООН, Центр демографии и глобального человеческого капитала имени Витгенштейна, Институт измерения показателей и оценки состояния здоровья), демонстрирующие определённую ангажированность в пользу отдельных стран, а также используемые ими методики расчётов. Во второй части статьи приведено описание построенного китайско-российским коллективом цифрового двойника демографической системы планеты, реализованного в национальном суперкомпьютерном центре КНР. Кроме того, описаны результаты некоторых расчётов, осуществлённых с использованием этого инструмента.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>demographic forecasts</kwd><kwd>agent-based models</kwd><kwd>computational experiments</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>демографические прогнозы</kwd><kwd>агент-ориентированные модели</kwd><kwd>вычислительные эксперименты.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alkema L., Raftery A.E., Gerland P. et al. Probabilistic Projections of the Total Fertility Rate for All Countries // Demography 1. August 2011. № 48 (3). P. 815–839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-011-0040-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>World Population Prospects 2022: Methodology of the United Nations population estimates and projections. 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