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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-5873</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5200</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">659735</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869587324110058</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SEOLAE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБОЗРЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ways to achieve carbon neutrality</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пути достижения углеродной нейтральности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chimitdorzhieva</surname><given-names>G. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чимитдоржиева</surname><given-names>Галина Доржиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio><p>доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник </p></bio><email>galdorj@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of General and Experimental Biology SB RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей и экспериментальной биологии СО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>94</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1014</fpage><lpage>1024</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5873/article/view/659735">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5873/article/view/659735</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problems of climate change and initiatives of countries with a high carbon footprint to reduce the rate of its warming are discussed. The characteristics of the instruments for regulating greenhouse gas emissions used to reduce the carbon footprint are given. The main methods for reducing emissions and capturing carbon dioxide are given: CO<sub>2</sub> extraction from seawater, reducing carbon dioxide emissions during seawater desalination using photovoltaic systems, a carbon-neutral process for producing hydrogen by steam reforming of methane integrated with CO<sub>2</sub> utilization, and the transition to carbon neutrality in the construction industry. Measures for transferring the economies of countries with a high carbon footprint (China, the USA, India, the European Union, Russia, Japan and Brazil) to adaptive methods for achieving carbon neutrality are described. The review is based on statistical materials, reports of international organizations, national authorities, as well as analytical reports and conference materials on climate change, sustainable use, conservation and protection of forests, presented in scientific journals and on official websites.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обсуждены проблемы изменения климата и инициативы стран с высоким углеродным следом по снижению темпов потепления. Дана характеристика инструментов регулирования выбросов парниковых газов, используемых для снижения углеродного следа. Приведены основные способы сокращения выбросов и улавливания углекислого газа: извлечение СО<sub>2</sub> из морской воды, сокращение выбросов углекислого газа при опреснении морской воды с использованием фотоэлектрических систем, углеродно-нейтральный процесс производства водорода путём паровой конверсии метана, интегрированный с утилизацией CO<sub>2</sub>, переход к углеродной нейтральности в строительной индустрии. Описаны меры по переводу экономик стран с высоким углеродным следом (Китай, США, Индия, Евросоюз, Россия, Япония и Бразилия) на адаптационные способы достижения углеродной нейтральности.</p> <p>В основу обзора положены статистические материалы, доклады международных организаций, национальных органов власти, а также аналитические отчёты и материалы конференций по вопросам изменения климата, устойчивого использования, охраны и защиты лесов, представленные в научных журналах и на официальных сайтах сети Интернет.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carbon neutrality</kwd><kwd>greenhouse gas emissions</kwd><kwd>carbon tax</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>углеродная нейтральность</kwd><kwd>выбросы парниковых газов</kwd><kwd>углеродный налог</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-24-20098</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang Z., Hu G., Mu X., Kong L. 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