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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российской академии наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-5873</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5200</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684143</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869587325030063</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CUBENS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБОЗРЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cities of the future: operating features and energy supply requirements</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Города будущего: особенности функционирования и требования к энергоснабжению</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulagin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулагин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio><p>заведующий отделом развития энергетического комплекса мира и России</p></bio><email>vakulagin@ineiran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grushevenko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грушевенко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio><p>старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>grushevenkod@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio><p>старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>annegalkina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт энергетических исследований РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>95</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-13"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5873/article/view/684143">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-5873/article/view/684143</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Residents of megacities dream of improving the quality of life, environmental conditions, solving transport problems, and improving comfort and safety. Scientific and technological progress opens up opportunities for innovative development of the urban environment. At the same time, energy supply is becoming one of the key elements of the city of the future, because smart robotic systems will depend on its sustainability. The structure of the energy system and the organization of its operation determine energy costs, the amount of harmful emissions, rational methods of heat supply, and the degree of participation of consumer devices in load balancing. The existing projects of such cities have made it possible to test the viability of various solutions in practice and identify a number of limitations and problems. The directions of development of the energy complex listed in the article have identified aspects that need to be addressed today. It is important that the plans include flexibility and the possibility of expansion, which will ensure the introduction of innovations. Proper urban management, in turn, will help to balance the load on the energy system, and therefore reduce the overall cost of energy supply.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Жители мегаполисов мечтают об улучшении качества жизни, экологической обстановки, решении транспортных проблем, повышении уровня комфорта и безопасности. Научно-технологический прогресс открывает возможности для инновационного развития городской среды. Энергоснабжение при этом становится одним из ключевых элементов города будущего, ведь умные роботизированные системы будут зависеть от его устойчивости. Структура энергосистемы и организация её работы определяют затраты на энергию, объёмы вредных выбросов, рациональные способы теплоснабжения, степень участия устройств потребителя в балансировании нагрузки. Действующие проекты городов будущего позволили на практике проверить жизнеспособность различных решений и выявить ряд ограничений и проблем. Перечисленные в статье направления развития энергетического комплекса обозначили аспекты, на которые нужно обратить внимание уже сегодня. Важно, чтобы в планах были заложены гибкость и возможность расширения городов, что обеспечит внедрение инноваций. Грамотное ведение городского хозяйства, в свою очередь, поможет сбалансировать нагрузку на энергосистему, а значит, сократить общие затраты на энергоснабжение.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cities of the future</kwd><kwd>energy supply</kwd><kwd>transport</kwd><kwd>ecology</kwd><kwd>electricity</kwd><kwd>smart systems</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>города будущего</kwd><kwd>энергоснабжение</kwd><kwd>транспорт</kwd><kwd>экология</kwd><kwd>электричество</kwd><kwd>умные системы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Полищук В.Е. Инновационный урбанизм // Инновации. 2015. № 4 (198). С. 5–9. Polischuk V.E. 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