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The Republic of Guinea has outstanding mineral resources. An analysis of current data has shown that in the near future this country will maintain its leading position in the world in the extraction and export of bauxite, as well as increase the production and export of alumina. Guinea has significant potential to develop large and rich iron ore deposits, but the development of this industry is hampered by the lack of infrastructure and an unstable geopolitical situation. Gold mining is successfully developing in the Siguiri ore region, where new promising deposits are discovered almost every year and new mines are put into operation. Guinea’s diamond deposits are among the most famous in West Africa and the world as a whole. However, the fall in global diamond prices in recent years has led to a slowdown in exploration, a lack of major discoveries and, consequently, a reduction in exports.