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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-7698</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">687225</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869769825020021</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">GFQKTG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Earth and Environment Sciences</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Науки о Земле и окружающей среде</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Acoustic anomalies in the boundary layers of the ocean</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акустические аномалии в пограничных слоях океана</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5504-9042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulanov</surname><given-names>Vladimir A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буланов</surname><given-names>Владимир Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Chief Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор физико-математических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>bulanov@poi.dvo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, FEB RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский океанологический институт им. В.И. Ильичева ДВО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-7698/article/view/687225">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-7698/article/view/687225</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Boundary layers – the near-surface and bottom layers – play an important role in the structure of the ocean. The involvement of bubbles in the sea water column in surface waves leads to the appearance of bubble clouds, which can reach significant depths in strong winds. Bubbles may also be contained in the bottom layers in the areas of the outlet of underwater gas flares. They are often compared with the presence of gas hydrate deposits, or with the release of gases through cracks in the earth’s crust near active volcanoes. The paper discusses methods and experimental results on the acoustics of boundary layers in the ocean containing a two-phase liquid with gas bubbles, as well as methods for their diagnosis. The possibilities of acoustic sounding for visualization of complex structure, dynamics and diagnostics of anomalies of physical properties of boundary layers are shown. Typical experimental results obtained in the Far Eastern seas are presented and discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Большую роль в структуре океана играют пограничные слои – приповерхностный и придонный. Вовлечение пузырьков в толщу морской воды в поверхностных волнах приводит к появлению пузырьковых облаков, которые при сильном ветре могут достигать значительных глубин. Пузырьки могут также содержаться в придонных слоях в районах выхода подводных газовых факелов. Часто их сопоставляют с наличием газогидратных месторождений либо с выходом газов через трещины в земной коре вблизи активных вулканов. В работе обсуждаются методы и экспериментальные результаты по акустике пограничных слоев в океане, содержащих двухфазную жидкость с газовыми пузырьками, а также методы их диагностики.<bold> </bold>Показаны возможности акустического зондирования для визуализации сложной структуры, динамики и диагностики аномалий физических свойств пограничных слоев. Представлены и обсуждены типичные экспериментальные результаты, полученные в дальневосточных морях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ocean</kwd><kwd>acoustics</kwd><kwd>boundary layer</kwd><kwd>bubbles</kwd><kwd>sounding</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>океан</kwd><kwd>акустика</kwd><kwd>пограничный слой</kwd><kwd>пузырьки</kwd><kwd>зондирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>124022100075-6</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-22-00499</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brekhovskikh L.M., Lysanov Y.P. 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