Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesВестник Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук0869-7698The Russian Academy of Sciences68731910.31857/S0869769825020094GEIDEEBiological SciencesБиологические наукиReview ArticleNon-invasive optical methods (spectrometry, thermal imaging) when determining nitrogen deficiency and the physiological state of wheat in the field conditionsНеинвазивные оптические методы (спектрометрия, тепловидение) при определении дефицита азота и физиологического состояния пшеницы в полевых условияхhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-4440RusakovDmitryi V.РусаковДмитрий Валерьевич
Russian Federation

Candidate of Sciences in Agriculture, Senior Researcher

Кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник

rdv_vgsha@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-8193KanashElena V.КанашЕлена Всеволодовна
Russian Federation

Doctor of Sciences in Biology, Chief Researcher

Доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник

ykanash@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1134-0292ChesnokovYuriy V.ЧесноковЮрий Валентинович
Russian Federation

Corresponding Member of RAS, Doctor of Sciences in Biology, Director

Член-корреспондент РАН, доктор биологических наук, директор

yuv_chesnokov@agrophys.ruAgrophysical Research InstituteАгрофизический научно-исследовательский институт0408202521241371107202511072025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-7698/article/view/687319

The reflection spectra and leaf surface temperature were measured in a field experiment when growing wheat of the Daria variety in the field conditions of the Menkovo experimental station of the Agrophysical Research Institute. The plants were vegetated at different levels of nitrogen nutrition (0–200 kg/ha in increments of 40 kg/ha). Fertilizers were applied in 2 stages: 2/3 of the dose of nitrogen (nitrogen strip) before sowing and 1/3 (ammonium nitrate) at the stage of completion of tillering. The analysis of the diffuse reflection indices of the leaf surface revealed a close positive relationship between the chlorophyll index (ChlRI) and a close negative relationship between the photochemical reflection index (PRI) and the dose of nitrogen fertilizers applied at the early stages of nitrogen deficiency, when there are no visible symptoms of plant oppression. The reflection indices SIPI, R800, ARI and FRI, in addition to assessing the nitrogen supply of plants, can be useful in assessing the specific response of plants to the action of various stressors, for example, to a deficiency of soil moisture or a lack of soil nitrogen. The use of thermal imaging made it possible to assess the transpiration activity of wheat plants depending on the level of nitrogen nutrition and its change during the day.

Спектры отражения и температура поверхности листьев были измерены в полевом опыте при выращивании пшеницы сорта Дарья на Меньковской опытной станции Агрофизического НИИ. Растения вегетировали при различных уровнях азотного питания (0–200 кг/га с шагом 40 кг/га). Удобрения вносили в 2 этапа: 2/3 дозы азота (азофоска) перед посевом и 1/3 (аммиачная селитра) на стадии завершения кущения. Анализ индексов диффузного отражения поверхности листьев выявил тесную положительную взаимосвязь индекса хлорофилла (ChlRI) и тесную отрицательную взаимосвязь фотохимического индекса отражения (PRI) c дозой внесенных азотных удобрений на ранних этапах возникновения дефицита азота, когда видимые симптомы угнетения растений еще отсутствуют. Индексы отражения SIPI, R800, ARI и FRI помимо оценки обеспеченности растений азотом могут быть полезны при оценке специфический ответной реакции растений на действие различных стрессоров, например на дефицит почвенной влаги или недостаток почвенного азота. Использование тепловизионной съемки позволило оценить транспирационную активность растений пшеницы в зависимости от уровня азотного питания и ее изменение в течение дня.

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