Toxicological ReviewToxicological ReviewТоксикологический вестник0869-7922Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman64137210.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-5-4-16ReviewsОбзорыUniversality of the phenomenon of «neurotoxicity» (literature review)Универсальность феномена «нейротоксичность» (обзор литературы)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2751-3637GolovkoAlexandr IvanovichГоловкоАлександр Иванович
Russian Federation

MD, Professor, Leading Researcher of the Golikov Research Center of Toxicology, 192019, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.

e-mail: prgolovko@inbox.ru

Доктор мед. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова» ФМБА России, 192019, г. Санкт-Петербург.

e-mail: prgolovko@inbox.ru

Author’s SPIN-code: 3074-6767; Scopus Author ID: 55282421900 

prgolovko@inbox.ruIvnitskyJury JurievichИвницкийЮрий Юрьевич
Russian Federation

Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова» ФМБА России, 192019, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация.

e-mail: neugierig@mail.ru

Scopus Author ID: 6508306519 

neugierig@mail.ruIvanovMaksim BorisovichИвановМаксим Борисович
Russian Federation

Доктор медицинских наук, доцент, Председатель Санкт-Петербургской общественной организации токсикологов, 192019, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация.

e-mail: kkbk@bk.ru

eLIBRARY ID: 45112177; eLIBRARY ID: 41619063 

kkbk@bk.ruRejnyukVladimir LeonidovichРейнюкВладимир Леонидович
Russian Federation

Доктор медицинских наук, доцент, Временно Исполняющий Обязанности директора ФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова» ФМБА России, 192019, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация.

e-mail: vladton@mail.ru

Scopus Author ID: 55436905400 

vladton@mail.ruGolikov Research Center of ToxicologyФГБУ «Научно-клинический центр токсикологии имени академика С.Н. Голикова» ФМБА РоссииNon-governmental organization «St. Petersburg public organization of Toxicologists»Общественная организация «Санкт-Петербургская общественная организация токсикологов»1410202129541604112024Copyright ©; 2021, Golovko A.I., Ivnitsky J.J., Ivanov M.B., Rejnyuk V.L.Copyright ©; 2021, Головко А.И., Ивницкий Ю.Ю., Иванов М.Б., Рейнюк В.Л.2021Golovko A.I., Ivnitsky J.J., Ivanov M.B., Rejnyuk V.L.Головко А.И., Ивницкий Ю.Ю., Иванов М.Б., Рейнюк В.Л.https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-7922/article/view/641372

Introduction. The neurotoxic effect is considered as one of the variants of the toxicity of many xenobiotics. Neurotoxic effects develop not only in poisoning, but also when exposed to biological (for example, pathogens of infectious diseases) and physical (for example, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation) factors.

Materials and methods. The subject of the analysis was the phenomenon of neurotoxicity. The information was obtained by studying the databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, RSCI.

Results. The absence of a single definition of the concept of «neurotoxicant» is noted. In addition to chemicals, other factors have neurotoxicity: biological, physical. The mechanisms of neurodegeneration under the influence of neurotoxicants with different mechanisms of action are similar and include excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, suppression of mitochondrial function, inhibition of neurogenesis and gliogenesis, oxidative stress, increased BBB permeability and apoptosis. The presented features allow us to speak about the universality of the phenomenon of «neurotoxicity».

Conclusion. When considering the phenomenon of «neurotoxicity», certain difficulties arise. A clear idea of the etiological factors of this phenomenon is not fully formulated. A comprehensive classification of neurotoxicants has not been created. At the same time, the processes of neurodegeneration are very similar in cases of poisoning with neurotoxicants with different mechanisms of action, which proves the universality of the phenomenon of «neurotoxicity.

Введение. Нейротоксическое действие рассматривается как один из вариантов токсичности многих ксенобиотиков. Нейротоксические эффекты развиваются не только при отравлениях, но и при воздействии биологических (например, возбудители инфекционных заболеваний) и физических (например, ионизирующие и неионизирующие излучения) факторов.

Материал и методы. Предметом анализа явился феномен нейротоксичности. Информация получена посредством изучения баз данных Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, РИНЦ. 

Результаты. Отмечено отсутствие единого определения понятия «нейротоксикант». Кроме химических веществ нейротоксичностью обладают и иные факторы: биологические, физические. Механизмы нейродегенерации при воздействии нейротоксикантов с различными механизмами действия сходны и включают эксайтотоксичность, нейровоспаление, подавление функции митохондрий, угнетение процессов нейрогенеза и глиогенеза, оксидативный стресс, повышение проницаемости ГЭБ и апоптоз. Представленные особенности позволяют говорить о наличии универсальности феномена «нейротоксичность».

Заключение. При рассмотрении феномена «нейротоксичность» возникают определённые сложности. Не до конца сформулировано чёткое представление об этиологических факторах данного явления. Не создана всеобъемлющая классификация нейротоксикантов. При этом процессы нейродегенерации весьма сходны при отравлениях нейротоксикантами с различными механизмами действия, что доказывает универсальность феномена «нейротоксичность»

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