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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Toxicological Review</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Toxicological Review</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Токсикологический вестник</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-7922</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">641482</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0869-7922-2023-31-2-99-108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Persistent organic toxicants in the breast milk of women in the south and north of the Far East of Russia and infant health risk assessment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Стойкие органические токсиканты в грудном молоке женщин юга и севера Дальнего Востока России и оценка риска для здоровья младенцев</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3746-1084</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2358-3800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina Konstantinovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>SPIN-код: 2358-3800</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> SPIN-код: 2358-3800 </p></bio><email>mironova_kate@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-4448</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9023-6473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Donets</surname><given-names>Maxim Mikhailovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донец</surname><given-names>Максим Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>SPIN-код: 9023-6473; Scopus Author ID: 57205716388; Researcher ID: W-8730-2018</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> SPIN-код: 9023-6473; Scopus Author ID: 57205716388; Researcher ID: W-8730-2018 </p></bio><email>maksim.donecz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3414-2010</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4319-4728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumovsky</surname><given-names>Alexandr Nikolaevich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гумовский</surname><given-names>Александр Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>SPIN-код: 4319-4728</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> SPIN-код: 4319-4728 </p></bio><email>gumovskii.an@dvfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-5493</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8381-4723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumovskaya</surname><given-names>Yulia Petrovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гумовская</surname><given-names>Юлия Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>SPIN-код: 8381-4723; Scopus Author ID: 57216505882</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> SPIN-код: 8381-4723; Scopus Author ID: 57216505882 </p></bio><email>nupl@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0496-7000</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8872-8933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyarova</surname><given-names>Margarita Dmitrievna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боярова</surname><given-names>Маргарита Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>SPIN-код: 8872-8933</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> SPIN-код: 8872-8933 </p></bio><email>boyarova.m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9022-7684</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9079-1788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>Irina Yuryevna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>Ирина Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>SPIN-код: 9079-1788</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> SPIN-код: 9079-1788 </p></bio><email>anis-ira76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-3725</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6100-6474</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koval</surname><given-names>Irina Petrovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваль</surname><given-names>Ирина Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>SPIN-код: 6100-6474</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> SPIN-код: 6100-6474 </p></bio><email>koval.ip@dvfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5095-7260</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5047-8410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankov</surname><given-names>Vasiliy Yurievich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганков</surname><given-names>Василий Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Director of the Department of Complex Projects Far Eastern Federal University; Acting Dean of the Faculty of Industrial Biotechnology and Bioengineering of the Advanced Engineering School “Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems” Far Eastern Federal University; Professor of the UNESCO International Chair “Marine Ecology” Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: tsig_90@mail.ru</p><p>SPIN-код: 5047-8410; Scopus Author ID: 56150726400; Researcher ID: J-4069-2013</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>октор биол. наук, доцент, директор департамента комплексных проектов ФГАОУ ВО «ДФУ»; и.о. декана факультета промышленных биотехнологий и биоинженерии Передовой инженерной школы «Институт биотехнологий, биоинженерии и пищевых систем» ФГАОУ ВО «ДФУ»; профессор Международной кафедры ЮНЕСКО «Морская экология» Института Мирового океана ФГАОУ ВО «ДФУ», 690041, г. Владивосток, Российская Федерация.</p><p>e-mail: tsig_90@mail.ru</p><p>SPIN-код: 5047-8410; Scopus Author ID: 56150726400; Researcher ID: J-4069-2013 </p></bio><email>tsig_90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Far Eastern Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chukotka Regional Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Чукотская окружная больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-04"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Mironova E.K., Donets M.M., Gumovsky A.N., Gumovskaya Y.P., Boyarova M.D., Anisimova I.Y., Koval I.P., Tsygankov V.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Миронова Е.К., Донец М.М., Гумовский А.Н., Гумовская Ю.П., Боярова М.Д., Анисимова И.Ю., Коваль И.П., Цыганков В.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mironova E.K., Donets M.M., Gumovsky A.N., Gumovskaya Y.P., Boyarova M.D., Anisimova I.Y., Koval I.P., Tsygankov V.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миронова Е.К., Донец М.М., Гумовский А.Н., Гумовская Ю.П., Боярова М.Д., Анисимова И.Ю., Коваль И.П., Цыганков В.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-04-30"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-7922/article/view/641482">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-7922/article/view/641482</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> National programs for monitoring organochlorine compounds (OCs) in the human body are being implemented in different countries. According to WHO, one of the most reliable indicators of the impact of POPs on human health is the determination of their content in women’s breast milk.</p><p>In this regard, the purpose of the study was to study the accumulations of organic pollutants (OCPs and PCBs) in the breast milk of women in the south and north of the Far East region of Russia and to assess the environmental risk for infants.</p><p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> Breast milk samples (<italic>n</italic>=94) was collected in several healthcare institutions in the region (Primorsky Krai and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) with the written consent of the participants in the experiment. The women’s age ranged from 15 to 49 years. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast milk samples were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. </p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The concentrations of POPs (∑HCH+∑DDT+∑PCB) in the samples in women’s breast milk of Primorye varied from 23 to 878 (median <italic>(Ме)</italic> 128) ng/g and from 13 to 621 <italic>(Ме</italic> 58) ng/g of lipids in the samples of women from the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, respectively. The range of concentrations of OCPs (∑HCH+∑DDT) and ∑PCBd for residents of Primorye was 3–291 <italic>(Ме</italic> 72) and 3–720 <italic>(Ме</italic> 52) ng/g of lipids, for CAO — 7–275 <italic>(Ме</italic> 27) and 1–431 <italic>(Ме</italic> 28) ng/g lipid, respectively.</p><p><bold>Limitation of the study.</bold> The limitation of the study is a small sample sample. However, this does not prevent us from conducting an assessment and making preliminary conclusions for the subsequent in-depth analysis of the state of these regions.</p><p><bold>Сonclusion.</bold> Persistent organic contaminants were found in all breast milk samples. The total content of POPs in women’s breast milk of Primorye is higher than in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in all age groups. Calculations to assess the risk of not exceeding the estimated daily intake (EDI) in breastfed infants in two regions. As follows from the results of the calculation of EDI, the level of PCB intake in newborns in Chukotka is 1.6 times higher than in Primorsky Krai. Since the action of PCBs is associated with effects that have a negative impact on the development of the child and the risk of possibility of developing various pathologies, this situation is alarming.</p><p><bold>Compliance with ethical standards.</bold> The study was approved by the ethics committee of the School of Biomedicine of the Far Eastern Federal University, case No. 4, protocol No. 5 dated December 19, 2017.</p><p><bold>Patient consent.</bold> Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal “Toksikologicheskiy vestnik (Toxicological Review)”.</p><p><bold>Contribution:</bold> <italic>Mironova E.K.</italic> — writing the text; <italic>Tsygankov V.Yu.</italic> — head of the study, editing; <italic>Donets M.M.</italic> — statistical analysis; <italic>Gumovsky A.N., Gumovskaya Yu.P.</italic> — editing; <italic>Boyarova M.D.</italic> — material processing; <italic>Anisimova I.Yu., Koval I.P.</italic> — collection of material. <italic>All co-authors</italic> — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p><p><bold>Conflict of interests.</bold> The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><bold>Acknowledgments.</bold> This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (agreement No. 18-14-00120).</p><p>Received: November 11, 2022 / Accepted: March 2,2023 / Published: April 30, 2023</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Программы мониторинга стойких органических загрязняющих веществ (СОЗ) в окружающей среде и в организме человека осуществляются в различных странах мира. Согласно рекомендациям Всемирной организации здравоохранения, среди наиболее достоверных индикаторов воздействия токсикантов на здоровье выделяют грудное молоко женщин. </p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучение аккумуляции СОЗ (гексахлорциклогексана (ГХЦГ), дихлордифенилтрихлорэтана (ДДТ), полихлорированных бифенилов (ПХБ)) в грудном молоке женщин юга и севера Дальнего востока России и оценка экологического риска для здоровья младенцев.</p><p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Пробы грудного молока (<italic>n</italic> = 94) собирали с помощью сотрудников нескольких учреждений здравоохранения региона (Приморский край и Чукотский автономный округ (ЧАО)). Возраст участниц исследования составил от 15 до 49 лет. Концентрации хлорорганических пестицидов (ХОП) и ПХБ в образцах грудного молока исследовали методом газовой хроматомасс-спектрометрии. </p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Концентрации СОЗ (∑ГХЦГ + ∑ДДТ + ∑ПХБ) в пробах грудного молока жительниц Приморья варьировали от 23 до 878 (медиана <italic>(Ме</italic>) 128) нг/г липидов, и от 13 до 621 (Ме 58) нг/г липидов в образцах молока женщин Чукотского АО. Диапазоны концентраций ХОП (∑ГХЦГ + ∑ДДТ) и ∑ПХБ для жительниц Приморья составили — 3–291 <italic>(Ме</italic> 72) и 3–720 <italic>(Ме</italic> 52) нг/г липидов соответственно, для ЧАО — 7–275 <italic>(Ме</italic> 27) и 1–431 <italic>(Ме</italic> 28) нг/г липидов соответственно.</p><p><bold>Ограничением исследования</bold> является небольшая выборка проб. Однако это не мешает нам проводить оценку и делать предварительные выводы для последующего глубокого анализа состояния этих регионов».</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Во всех образцах грудного молока обнаружены стойкие органические загрязняющие вещества. Общее содержание СОЗ в пробах грудного молока женщин Приморья выше такового в Чукотском автономном округе. Расчёты по оценке риска показали отсутствие превышения расчётного суточного потребления (EDI) у младенцев, употребляющих грудное молоко в двух регионах. Как следует из результатов расчёта EDI, уровень поступления в организм ПХБ у новорождённых в Чукотке в 1,6 раза выше по сравнению с Приморским краем. В связи с тем, что действие ПХБ связывают с эффектами, оказывающими негативное воздействие на развитие ребёнка и риском развития различных патологий, требуется постоянный мониторинг грудного молока. </p><p><bold>Соблюдение этических стандартов.</bold> Исследование одобрено этическим комитетом Школы биомедицины ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет», дело № 4, протокол № 5 от 19 декабря 2017 года. </p><p><bold>Согласие пациентов.</bold> Каждый участник исследования (или его законный представитель) дал информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании и публикацию персональной медицинской информации в обезличенной форме в журнале «Токсикологический вестник».</p><p><bold>Участие авторов:</bold> <italic>Миронова Е.К.</italic> — написание текста; <italic>Цыганков В.Ю.</italic> — руководитель исследования, редактирование; <italic>Донец М.М.</italic> — статистический анализ; <italic>Гумовский А.Н., Гумовская Ю.П.</italic> — редактирование; <italic>Боярова М.Д.</italic> — обработка материала; <italic>Анисимова И.Ю., Коваль И.П.</italic> — сбор материала. <italic>Все соавторы</italic> — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p><p><bold>Конфликт интересов.</bold> Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p><p><bold>Финансирование.</bold> Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда (соглашение № 18-14-00120).</p><p>Поступила в редакцию: 13 ноября 2022 / Принята в печать: 02 марта 2023 / Опубликована: 30 апреля 2023 </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>POPs</kwd><kwd>HOP</kwd><kwd>PCBs</kwd><kwd>breast milk</kwd><kwd>risk assessment</kwd><kwd>Primorsky Krai</kwd><kwd>Chukotka Autonomous Okrug</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стойкие органические загрязняющие вещества</kwd><kwd>хлорорганические пестициды</kwd><kwd>полихлорированные бифенилы</kwd><kwd>грудное молоко</kwd><kwd>оценка риска</kwd><kwd>Приморский край</kwd><kwd>Чукотский автономный округ</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Upadhayay J., Rana M., Juyal V., Bisht S.S., Joshi R. 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