<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651558</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813923060079</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WHDHHT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Vasoactive and Neuroprotective Action of с-Jun-N-Terminal Kinases Inhibitor in Rats with Chronic Brain Hypoperfusion</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вазоактивное и нейропротекторное действие ингибитора с-Jun-N-терминальных киназ у крыс с хронической гипоперфузией головного мозга</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilyaev</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жиляев</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>atochin@cvrc.mgh.harvard.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>T. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Т. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>atochin@cvrc.mgh.harvard.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlebnikov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлебников</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>atochin@cvrc.mgh.harvard.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Schepetkin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щепёткин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>atochin@cvrc.mgh.harvard.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demchenko</surname><given-names>I. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демченко</surname><given-names>И. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>atochin@cvrc.mgh.harvard.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atochin</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аточин</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>atochin@cvrc.mgh.harvard.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Томский Политехнический Университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Отдел микробиологии и клеточной биологии, университет штата Монтана</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр сердечно-сосудистых исследований и Отдел кардиологии,
Главный госпиталь Массачусетса, Гарвардская медицинская школа</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>109</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>749</fpage><lpage>759</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, С.Ю. Жиляев, Т.Ф. Платонова, А.И. Хлебников, И.А. Щепёткин, И.Т. Демченко, Д.Н. Аточин</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, С.Ю. Жиляев, Т.Ф. Платонова, А.И. Хлебников, И.А. Щепёткин, И.Т. Демченко, Д.Н. Аточин</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">С.Ю. Жиляев, Т.Ф. Платонова, А.И. Хлебников, И.А. Щепёткин, И.Т. Демченко, Д.Н. Аточин</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">С.Ю. Жиляев, Т.Ф. Платонова, А.И. Хлебников, И.А. Щепёткин, И.Т. Демченко, Д.Н. Аточин</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651558">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651558</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181325986656">The aim of this study was to evaluate the vasoactive and neuroprotective effects of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase inhibitor IQ-1 (11<italic>H</italic>-indeno[1,2-<italic>b</italic>]quinoxalin-11-one oxime) in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion caused by irreversible bilateral ligation of carotid arteries. Cerebral blood flow was measured quantitatively (hydrogen clearance method) simultaneously in the parietal cortex, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and striatum of the brain of awake rats. It was found that ligation of the carotid arteries caused a decrease in blood flow in the brain structures with a more pronounced decrease in the cortex (by 48% of the initial level) and with the smallest drop in the substantia nigra (by 25% of the initial level). The reduced level of blood flow persisted for 14 days of measurements. The responses of the cerebral vessels to hypercapnic probes (5% CO<sub>2</sub>) were lost during the 2-week hypoperfusion period, and the neurological status of the animals did not improve. The administration of IQ-1 (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, every 48 hours for 14 days) was accompanied by an increase in blood flow in all brain structures. The maximum increase in blood flow was observed in the striatum and the minimum in the substantia nigra. After the administration of IQ-1, the sensitivity of the cerebral vessels to the hypercapnic stimulus was restored and the neurological state of the animals significantly improved by the end of the second week of cerebral hypoperfusion. The results show that the use of the JNK inhibitor can reduce cerebrovascular disorders and associated neurological disorders in hypoperfusion brain injury.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181325984496">Целью работы явилось изучение вазоактивного и нейропротекторного действия ингибитора с-Jun-N-терминальных киназ (JNK), IQ-1 (11<italic>H</italic>-индено[1,2-<italic>b</italic>]хиноксалин-11-он оксим) при хронической гипоперфузии головного мозга, вызванной невозвратной билатеральной перевязкой сонных артерий. Мозговой кровоток измерялся количественно (метод клиренса водорода) одновременно в теменной коре, гиппокампе, черной субстанции и стриатуме головного мозга бодрствующих крыс. Перевязка сонных артерий вызывала понижение кровотока в исследуемых мозговых структурах с более выраженным снижением в коре (на 48% от исходного уровня) и с наименьшим падением в черной субстанции (на 25% от исходного уровня). Пониженный уровень кровотока в этих мозговых структурах сохранялся на протяжении 14 дней измерений. Реакции мозговых сосудов на гиперкапнический стимул (5% СО<sub>2</sub>) утрачивались в период 2-недельной гипоперфузии, а неврологический статус животных не улучшался. Введение препарата IQ-1 (50 мг/кг, интраперитонеально, каждые 48 ч в течение 14 сут) сопровождалось увеличением кровотока во всех структурах мозга. Максимальное увеличение кровотока наблюдалось в стриатуме, а минимальное – в черной субстанции. После введения IQ-1 восстанавливалась чувствительность мозговых сосудов к гиперкапническому стимулу и существенно улучшалось неврологическое состояние животных к концу 2-й нед. гипоперфузии головного мозга. Результаты показывают, что использование ингибитора JNK позволяют уменьшить цереброваскулярные нарушения и связанные с ними неврологические расстройства при гипоперфузионном повреждении головного мозга.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>c-Jun-N-terminal kinase inhibitors</kwd><kwd>chronic cerebral hypoperfusion</kwd><kwd>cerebral blood flow</kwd><kwd>neuroprotection</kwd><kwd>hypercapnic probe</kwd><kwd>striatum</kwd><kwd>substantia nigra</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ингибитор с-Jun-N-терминальных киназ</kwd><kwd>хроническая гипоперфузия мозга</kwd><kwd>мозговой кровоток</kwd><kwd>нейропротекция</kwd><kwd>гиперкапнический стимул</kwd><kwd>стриатум</kwd><kwd>черная субстанция</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gupta S, Barrett T, Whitmarsh AJ, Cavanagh J, Sluss HK, Dérijard B, Davis RJ (1996) Selective interaction of JNK protein kinase isoforms with transcription factors. EMBO J 15(11): 2760–2770.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Waetzig V, Herdegen T (2005) Context-specific inhibition of JNKs: overcoming the dilemma of protection and damage. Trends Pharmacol Sci 26(9): 455–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2005.07.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Bode AM, Dong Z (2007) The functional contrariety of JNK. Mol Carcinog 46(8): 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.20348</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Shvedova M, Anfinogenova Y, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Schepetkin IA, Atochin DN (2018) c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNKs) in myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Pharmacol 9: 715. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00715</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Javadov S, Jang S, Agostini B (2014) Crosstalk between mitogen-activated protein kinases and mitochondria in cardiac diseases: therapeutic perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 144(2): 202–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Nijboer CH, van der Kooij MA, van Bel F, Ohl F, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A (2010) Inhibition of the JNK/AP-1 pathway reduces neuronal death and improves behavioral outcome after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 24(5): 812–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2009.09.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Johnson GL, Nakamura K (2006) The kinase/stress-activated pathway: regulation, function and role in human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1773(8): 1341–1348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.12.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Irving EA, Bamford M (2002) Role of mitogen- and stress-activated kinases in ischemic injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 22(6): 631–647. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200206000-00001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Potapov AS, Kovrizhina AR, Matveevskaya VV, Belyanin ML, Atochin DN, Zanoza SO, Gaidarzhy NM, Lyakhov SA, Kirpotina LN, Quinn MT (2019) Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one derivatives and tryptanthrin-6-oxime as c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 161: 179–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Schepetkin IA, Kirpotina LN, Khlebnikov AI, Hanks TS, Kochetkova I, Pascual DW, Jutila MA, Quinn MT (2012) Identification and characterization of a novel class of c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors. Mol Pharmacol 81(6): 832–845. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.111.077446</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Atochin DN, Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Seledtsov VI, Swanson H, Quinn MT, Huang PL (2016) A novel dual NO-donating oxime and c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Neurosci Lett 618: 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.033</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Plotnikov MB, Chernysheva GA, Aliev OI, Smol’iakova VI, Fomina TI, Osipenko AN, Rydchenko VS, Anfinogenova YJ, Khlebnikov AI, Schepetkin IA, Atochin DN (2019) Protective Effects of a New C-Jun N-terminal Kinase Inhibitor in the Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Molecules 24(9): 1722–1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091722</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Farkas E, Luiten PG, Bari F (2007) Permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the rat: a model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res Rev 54(1): 162–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.01.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Nussmeier NA (2002) A review of risk factors for adverse neurologic outcome after cardiac surgery. J Extra Corpor Technol 34(1): 4–10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Cechetti F, Worm PV, Pereira LO, Siqueira IR, A Netto C (2010) The modified 2VO ischemia protocol causes cognitive impairment similar to that induced by the standard method, but with a better survival rate. Braz J Med Biol Res 43(12): 1178–1183. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500124</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Ni J, Ohta H, Matsumoto K, Watanabe H (1994) Progressive cognitive impairment following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries in rats. Brain Res 653(1–2): 231–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(94)90394-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Paxinos G, Watson C, Pennisi M, Topple A (1985) Bregma, lambda and the interaural midpoint in stereotaxic surgery with rats of different sex, strain and weight. J Neurosci Methods 13(2): 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(85)90026-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Eklöf B, Siesjö BK (1973) Cerebral blood flow in ischemia caused by carotid artery ligation in the rat. Acta Physiol Scand 87(1): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05367.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Demchenko IT, Luchakov YI, Moskvin AN, Gutsaeva DR, Allen BW, Thalmann ED, Piantadosi CA (2005) Cerebral blood flow and brain oxygenation in rats breathing oxygen under pressure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 25(10): 1288–1300. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600110</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>McGraw CP, Pashayan AG, Wendel OT (1976) Cerebral infarction in the Mongolian gerbil exacerbated by phenoxybenzamine treatment. Stroke 7(5): 485–488. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.7.5.485</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Ганнушкина ИВ (2000) Мозговое кровообращение при разных видах циркуляторной гипоксии мозга. Вестник РАМН 9: 22–27. [Gannushkina IV (2000) Cerebral circulation in different types of circulatory hypoxia of the brain. Vestnik RAMN 9: 22–27. (In Russ)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Otori T, Katsumata T, Muramatsu H, Kashiwagi F, Katayama Y, Terashi A (2003) Long-term measurement of cerebral blood flow and metabolism in a rat chronic hypoperfusion model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 30(4): 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03825.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Tsuchiya M, Sako K, Yura S, Yonemasu Y (1992) Cerebral blood flow and histopathological changes following permanent bilateral carotid artery ligation in Wistar rats. Exp Brain Res 89(1): 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00229004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Dreier JP, Körner K, Görner A, Lindauer U, Weih M, Villringer A, Dirnagl U (1995) Nitric oxide modulates the CBF response to increased extracellular potassium. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 15(6): 914–919. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1995.116</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
