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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651570</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813923050096</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">XRFVGC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of the Infant Feeding on the Taxonomy of the Gut Microbiome and the Trefoil Factors Level in Children and Adolescents</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние вида вскармливания на таксономический состав кишечного микробиома и уровни трефоиловых факторов у детей и подростков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestopalov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестопалов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ir.max.kolesnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolesnikova</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колесникова</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ir.max.kolesnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchuk</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савчук</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ir.max.kolesnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplyakova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплякова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ir.max.kolesnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ir.max.kolesnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ir.max.kolesnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naboka</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набока</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ir.max.kolesnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaponov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гапонов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ir.max.kolesnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Roumiantsev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ir.max.kolesnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский 
медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Molecular Health</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО “Центр молекулярного здоровья”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, 
Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, 
онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s City Hospital № 1 in Rostov-on-Don</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская больница № 1</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical 
Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ общей реаниматологии им. В.А. Неговского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>109</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>656</fpage><lpage>672</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, А.В. Шестопалов, И.М. Колесникова, Д.В. Савчук, Е.Д. Теплякова, В.А. Шин, Т.В. Григорьева, Ю.Л. Набока, А.М. Гапонов, С.А. Румянцев</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, А.В. Шестопалов, И.М. Колесникова, Д.В. Савчук, Е.Д. Теплякова, В.А. Шин, Т.В. Григорьева, Ю.Л. Набока, А.М. Гапонов, С.А. Румянцев</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">А.В. Шестопалов, И.М. Колесникова, Д.В. Савчук, Е.Д. Теплякова, В.А. Шин, Т.В. Григорьева, Ю.Л. Набока, А.М. Гапонов, С.А. Румянцев</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А.В. Шестопалов, И.М. Колесникова, Д.В. Савчук, Е.Д. Теплякова, В.А. Шин, Т.В. Григорьева, Ю.Л. Набока, А.М. Гапонов, С.А. Румянцев</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651570">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651570</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181322602336">Changes in the gut microbiome are recognized as an important component of obesity in both adults and children. One factor in the gut microbiome formation is the infant feeding type, which may also have a prolonged effect on the microbial community. Breast milk contributes to the formation of mucosal tolerance to the intestinal microbiota. In turn, trefoil factors (TFF2 and TFF3) are important components of the mucosal barrier. The aim was to study the composition of the gut microbiota and the trefoil factors level in the blood of children and adolescents with obesity, depending on the infant feeding type. The study included 93 non-obese children (Group 1) and 92 obese children (Group 2). Serum TFF2 and TFF3 levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay in each study participant. The taxonomic composition of the fecal microbiome was determined by metagenomic sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In general, the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota in Groups 1 and 2 was similar. However, Group 2 had less by [<italic>Prevotella</italic>], <italic>Epulopiscium</italic> and <italic>Haemophilus</italic> and more by <italic>Clostridium</italic> and <italic>Catenibacterium</italic>. Neither obesity nor the infant feeding type of influenced the serum concentration of TFF2 and TFF3. However, the infant feeding has a prolonged effect on the gut microbiota, and in Group 2 this effect was less pronounced. In Group 1, breastfeeding led to the formation of a complete mucosal tolerance to the microbiome, which did not occur with mixed and bottle feeding. In Group 2, most of the “TFFs–gut microbiome” associations were positive, indicating an unfavorable interaction between intestinal wall and microbiome in obese children and adolescents. Thus, infant feeding type seems to be a weak but significant factor in the gut microbiome formation in children and adolescents, which also affects the formation of mucosal tolerance to the intestinal microbiota.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181322600224">Изменения в кишечном микробиоме признаются важным компонентом развития ожирения как у взрослых, так и у детей. Одним из значимых факторов формирования кишечной микробиоты в период новорожденности является вид вскармливания, который может оказывать и пролонгированный эффект на микробное сообщество. Кроме того, грудное молоко способствует формированию толерантности к микробиоте кишечника мукозального барьера, одним из компонентов которого являются трефоиловые факторы (TFF2 и TFF3). Целью работы стало изучение состава кишечной микробиоты и содержания трефоиловых факторов в крови у детей и подростков с ожирением в зависимости от типа вскармливания на первом году жизни. Обследовано 93 ребенка без ожирения (Группа 1) и 92 с ожирением (Группа 2). Проводилось исследование уровня TFF2 и TFF3 в сыворотке крови, а также определение таксономического состава микробиома кала методом метагеномного секвенирования гена 16S рРНК. В целом состав кишечной микробиоты у Группы 1 и 2 был схож. Однако для Группы 2 была характерна меньшая представленность [<italic>Prevotella</italic>], <italic>Epulopiscium</italic> и <italic>Haemophilus</italic> и большая – <italic>Clostridium</italic> и <italic>Catenibacterium</italic>. Ни ожирение, ни вид вскармливания на первом году жизни не оказали влияния на сывороточную концентрацию TFF2 и TFF3. При этом вид вскармливания оказывает пролонгированное влияние на кишечную микробиоту, причем у детей Группы 2 такое влияние было менее выражено. В Группе 1 естественный тип вскармливания на первом году жизни привел к формированию у детей полной толерантности мукозального барьера к микробиому, чего не происходило при смешанном и искусственном вскармливании. В Группе 2 большая часть ассоциаций “TFF–кишечный микробиом” носила положительный характер, что указывает на неблагоприятное взаимодействие кишечной стенки и микробиома. Таким образом, тип вскармливания представляется слабым, но значимым фактором формирования кишечного микробиома у детей и подростков, который также оказывает влияние на становление толерантности мукозального барьера к кишечной флоре.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>infant feeding</kwd><kwd>gut microbiome</kwd><kwd>trefoil factors TFF2 and TFF3</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>тип вскармливания</kwd><kwd>кишечный микробиом</kwd><kwd>трефоиловые факторы TFF2 и TFF3</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lobstein T, Jackson-Leach R, Moodie ML, Hall KD, Gortmaker SL, Swinburn BA, James WPT, Wang Y, McPherson K (2015) Child and adolescent obesity: part of a bigger picture. 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