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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651591</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813923030093</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FSXLJI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immune Response to the Introduction of Fibrillogenic β2-Microglobulin Protein Conjugated with Different Types of Polymer Particles</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунный ответ на введение фибриллогенного белка β2-микроглобулина, конъюгированного с различными типами полимерных частиц</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakhabeev</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахабеев</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>helm505@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>helm505@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinitsyna</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синицына</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>helm505@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhikova-Vlakh</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржикова-Влах</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>helm505@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhikov-Vlakh</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржиков-Влах</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>helm505@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavlovsky</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шавловский</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>helm505@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Institute of Technology (Technical University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский технологический институт (Технический университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт высокомолекулярных соединений РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2023-03-01"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>109</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>375</fpage><lpage>385</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received:<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="pub"><event-desc>Published:<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2023-03-01"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Р.Г. Сахабеев, Д.С. Поляков, Е.С. Синицына, Е.Г. Коржикова-Влах, В.А. Коржиков-Влах, М.М. Шавловский</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Р.Г. Сахабеев, Д.С. Поляков, Е.С. Синицына, Е.Г. Коржикова-Влах, В.А. Коржиков-Влах, М.М. Шавловский</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Р.Г. Сахабеев, Д.С. Поляков, Е.С. Синицына, Е.Г. Коржикова-Влах, В.А. Коржиков-Влах, М.М. Шавловский</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Р.Г. Сахабеев, Д.С. Поляков, Е.С. Синицына, Е.Г. Коржикова-Влах, В.А. Коржиков-Влах, М.М. Шавловский</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651591">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651591</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181324742544">The effect of the composition and size of polymeric particles on the immunogenicity of the fibrillogenic β2-microglobulin protein immobilized on their surface was studied. For this purpose, nanoparticles (NP) based on a copolymer of L-glutamic acid and L-phenylalanine (P(Glu-<italic>co</italic>-Phe)) and a block copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) with poly(lactic acid) (PEG-<italic>b</italic>-PLA) as well as microparticles (MP) based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were selected. α-L-amino acid copolymer-based nanoparticles were prepared by gradient phase inversion, and PEG-<italic>b</italic>-PLA-based nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation. Double emulsion method was used to form polymeric microparticles based on PLA. Recombinant chimeric model protein beta-2-microglobulin-green fluorescent protein (β2M-sfGFP) was used to covalently modify all types of polymeric particles followed by immunization of four groups of laboratory animals equal in number. An enzyme immunoassay method was used to evaluate the humoral immune response. In three experimental groups, mice were immunized using poly(amino acid)-based nanoparticles (NP-PAA) and PEG-<italic>b</italic>-PMC (NP-PLA) as well as PLA microparticles containing immobilized β2M-sfGFP on the surface. The control group was immunized using a physical mixture of PEG-<italic>b</italic>-PLA nanoparticles and free β2M-sfGFP. The highest level of antibodies to sfGFP in blood serum was found when mice were immunized with a mixture of protein and nanoparticles. When mice were immunized with β2M-sfGFP-modified nanoparticles, the amount of antibodies to sfGFP was statistically significantly lower (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001) compared to the control group. However, the groups immunized with nanoparticles of similar size but different composition conjugated to the model proteins did not differ significantly among themselves. It was also found that the size of the particles affects the immunogenicity of the associated protein. A similar pattern of relative antibody content in the sera of mice was maintained at all steps of immunization.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181324739632">В работе изучали влияние состава и размера полимерных частиц на иммуногенность фибриллогенного белка β2-микроглобулина, иммобилизованного на их поверхности. С этой целью использовали наночастицы (НЧ) на основе сополимера L-глутаминовой кислоты и L-фенилаланина (П(Глу-<italic>co</italic>-Фен)) и блок-сополимера поли(этиленгликоля) с поли(молочной кислотой) (ПЭГ-<italic>б</italic>-ПМК), а также микрочастицы (МЧ) на основе поли(молочной кислоты) (ПМК). НЧ на основе сополимера α-L-аминокислот получали методом градиентной инверсии фаз, а НЧ на основе ПЭГ-<italic>б</italic>-ПМК – методом наноосаждения. Для формирования полимерных МЧ на основе ПМК использовали метод двойной эмульсии. Рекомбинантный химерный модельный белок бета-2-микроглобулин-зеленый флуоресцентный белок (β2M-sfGFP) использовали для ковалентной модификации всех типов полимерных частиц с последующей иммунизацией четырех равных по численности групп лабораторных животных. Для оценки гуморального иммунного ответа использовали метод иммуноферментного анализа. В трех экспериментальных группах проводили иммунизацию мышей с использованием НЧ на основе полиаминокислот (НЧ-ПАК) и ПЭГ-<italic>б</italic>-ПМК (НЧ-ПМК), а также МЧ ПМК, содержащих на поверхности иммобилизованный β2М-sfGFP. Иммунизацию контрольной группы проводили с использованием физической смеси НЧ ПЭГ-<italic>б</italic>-ПМК и свободного β2М-sfGFP. Наибольший уровень антител к sfGFP в сыворотке крови содержался в случае иммунизации мышей смесью белка и НЧ. При иммунизации мышей НЧ, модифицированными β2M-sfGFP, количество антител к sfGFP было значимо ниже (<italic>p &lt;</italic> 0.001) по сравнению с контрольной группой. Однако между собой группы, иммунизированные НЧ схожего размера, но разного состава, конъюгированные с модельными белком, достоверно не отличались. Также установлено, что размер частиц влияет на иммуногенность связанного с ними белка. Аналогичная картина относительного содержания антител в сыворотках крови мышей сохранялась на всех этапах иммунизации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immunization</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd><kwd>protein antigen</kwd><kwd>polymeric micro- and nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>complex antigens</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунизация</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd><kwd>белковый антиген</kwd><kwd>полимерные микро- и наночастицы</kwd><kwd>комплексные антигены</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rawal S, Patel MM (2019) Threatening cancer with nanoparticle aided combination oncotherapy. J Control Release 301: 76–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kumar B, Jalodia K, Kumar P, Gautam HK (2017) Recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery. 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