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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651596</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813923020036</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NDLFHG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Lethal Aggression in Captive Monkeys</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Летальная агрессия у содержащихся в неволе обезьян</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chalyan</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чалян</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>natela_prim@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Meishvili</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мейшвили</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>natela_prim@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pachulia</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пачулия</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>natela_prim@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anikaeva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аникаева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>natela_prim@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zadorojnii</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Задорожный</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>natela_prim@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Research Institute of Medical Primatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской приматологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-02-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>109</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>178</fpage><lpage>191</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, В.Г. Чалян, Н.В. Мейшвили, И.Г. Пачулия, Е.Н. Аникаева, Д.В. Задорожный</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, В.Г. Чалян, Н.В. Мейшвили, И.Г. Пачулия, Е.Н. Аникаева, Д.В. Задорожный</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">В.Г. Чалян, Н.В. Мейшвили, И.Г. Пачулия, Е.Н. Аникаева, Д.В. Задорожный</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">В.Г. Чалян, Н.В. Мейшвили, И.Г. Пачулия, Е.Н. Аникаева, Д.В. Задорожный</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651596">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651596</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181324579888">Establishing the characteristics of monkey lethal aggression, assessing the age and sex of aggressors and victims, and the nature of the aggressors' actions seems necessary to identify the evolutionary roots of cases of human lethal aggression. In addition, the study of the features of lethal aggression can be considered as a condition for the development of measures aimed at preventing its manifestations in captive monkeys. The aim of the study is to study the species-specific features of lethal aggression in captive macaques, baboons and guenons. An analysis was made of cases of intra-group lethal aggression that occurred over a 10-year period in Rhesus macaques (<italic>Macaca mulatta</italic>), Crab-eathing macaques (<italic>Macaca fascicularis</italic>), Pig-tail macaques (<italic>Macaca nemestrina</italic>), Green monkeys (<italic>Chlorocebus aethiops</italic>), Hamadryas baboons (<italic>Papio hamadryas</italic>), Anubis baboons (<italic>Papio anubis</italic>) kept by social groups. It has been established that cases of lethal aggression are observed in all 6 studied species of monkeys. It was shown that in groups consisting of adult males, the highest frequency of cases of lethal aggression was noted in Rhesus macaques, and the lowest in Hamadryas baboons. Species-specific differences were found in the nature of lethal aggression in monkey family groups consisting of males, females, infants, and adolescents. It has been established that in Hamadryas baboons, Anubis baboons and Pig-tail macaques, that is, in species with pronounced sexual dimorphism in body size and social status, the main form of lethal aggression in family groups is infanticide committed by a single sexually mature male. In Rhesus monkeys, Crab-eathing macaques and Green monkeys, that is, those species that are characterized by relatively mild sexual dimorphism in body size and social status, the predominant form of lethal aggression in family groups is the collective actions of females aimed at young and adult members of the group.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181324575136">Установление особенностей летальной агрессии обезьян, оценка половозрастной принадлежности агрессоров и жертв, характера действий агрессоров представляется необходимым для выявления эволюционных корней случаев летальной агрессии человека. Кроме того, исследование особенностей летальной агрессии может рассматриваться в качестве условия для разработки мер, направленных на предупреждение ее проявлений у содержащихся в неволе обезьян. Целью исследования явилось изучение видоспецифических особенностей летальной агрессии у содержащихся в неволе макаков, павианов и мартышек. Был проведен анализ случаев внутригрупповой летальной агрессии, имевших место в течение 10-летнего периода у содержащихся социальными группами макаков резусов (<italic>Macaca mulatta</italic>), макаков яванских (<italic>Macaca fascicularis</italic>), макаков лапундеров (<italic>Macaca nemestrina</italic>), павианов гамадрилов (<italic>Papio hamadryas</italic>), павианов анубисов (<italic>Papio anubis</italic>) и зеленых мартышек (<italic>Chlorocebus aethiops</italic>). Установлено, что случаи летальной агрессии отмечаются у всех 6 исследованных видов обезьян. Показано, что в группах, состоящих из взрослых самцов, наибольшая частота случаев летальной агрессии отмечена у макаков резусов, наименьшая – у павианов гамадрилов. Обнаружены видоспецифические различия в характере летальной агрессии в семейных группах обезьян, состоящих из самцов, самок, детенышей и подростков. Установлено, что у павианов гамадрилов, павианов анубисов и макаков лапундеров, то есть у видов с выраженным половым диморфизмом в размерах тела и в социальном статусе, основной формой летальной агрессии в семейных группах является инфантицид, совершаемый одиночным половозрелым самцом. У макаков резусов, макаков яванских и зеленых мартышек, то есть тех видов, для которых характерны относительно слабо выраженный половой диморфизм в размерах тела и в социальном статусе, преобладающей формой летальной агрессии в семейных группах являются коллективные действия самок, направленные на молодых и взрослых членов группы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>baboons</kwd><kwd>macaques</kwd><kwd>monkeys</kwd><kwd>lethal aggression</kwd><kwd>infanticide</kwd><kwd>aggressors</kwd><kwd>victims</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>павианы</kwd><kwd>макаки</kwd><kwd>мартышки</kwd><kwd>летальная агрессия</kwd><kwd>инфантицид</kwd><kwd>агрессоры</kwd><kwd>жертвы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gomez J, Verdu M, Gonzales-Megias A, Mendez M (2016) The phylogenetic roots of human lethal violence. 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