Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences65160210.31857/S0869813923010119IZOBOXREVIEW AND PROBLEM ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ И ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИEvolutionary Acquisition of Multifunctionality by Glycolytic EnzymesЭволюционное приобретение мультифункциональности гликолитическими ферментамиShatovaO. P.ШатоваО. П.shatova.op@gmail.comShegayP. V.ШегайП. В.shatova.op@gmail.comZabolotnevaA. A.ЗаболотневаА. А.shatova.op@gmail.comShestopalovA. V.ШестопаловА. В.shatova.op@gmail.comKaprinA. D.КапринА. Д.shatova.op@gmail.comPirogov Russian National Research Medical University,Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. ПироговаRUDN UniversityРоссийский университет дружбы народовInstitution National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииDmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр Детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации01012023109131701022025Copyright ©; 2023, О.П. Шатова, П.В. Шегай, А.А. Заболотнева, А.В. Шестопалов, А.Д. КапринCopyright ©; 2023, О.П. Шатова, П.В. Шегай, А.А. Заболотнева, А.В. Шестопалов, А.Д. Каприн2023О.П. Шатова, П.В. Шегай, А.А. Заболотнева, А.В. Шестопалов, А.Д. КапринО.П. Шатова, П.В. Шегай, А.А. Заболотнева, А.В. Шестопалов, А.Д. Капринhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651602

Solving the question of the origin of life on Earth is impossible without understanding how the chemical, functional, and regulatory principles that determine cellular metabolism arose, how cells acquired the properties that determine their evolution, and how biological systems function and develop. This review is devoted to the consideration of the versatility of the functions of glycolytic enzymes, the expression of which is significantly increased in some types of cells, for example, cells with stem properties or malignant tumor cells. Almost all glycolysis enzymes have been found to have non-catalytic functions that are necessary to maintain a high rate of cell proliferation, their a-ctive migration, and the formation of a stem-like phenotype. Glycolytic enzymes arose very early during the evolution. Since the genomes of ancient life forms had a limited number of genes to encode the entire set of necessary functions, glycolytic enzymes or the products of the reactions they catalyzed could be used as ancient regulators of intercellular and intracellular communication. Subsequently, the multifunctionality of the main metabolic enzymes began to be used by tumor cells to ensure their survival and growth. In this review, we discuss some of the noncatalytic functions of glycolytic enzymes, as well as the possible evolutionary significance of acquiring such multifunctionality.

Решение вопроса о происхождении жизни на Земле невозможно без понимания того, как возникли химические, функциональные и регуляторные принципы, определяющие клеточный метаболизм, каким образом клетки приобрели свойства, определяющие их эволюцию, и как биологические системы функционируют и развиваются. Настоящий обзор посвящен рассмотрению многогранности функций гликолитических ферментов, экспрессия которых значительно повышена в некоторых типах клеток, например, клетках, обладающих стволовыми свойствами, или клетках злокачественных опухолей. Практически для всех ферментов гликолиза были установлены некаталитические функции, которые необходимы для поддержания высокой скорости пролиферации клеток, их активной миграции и формирования стволового фенотипа. Гликолитические ферменты возникли очень рано в процессе эволюции. Поскольку геномы древних форм жизни имели ограниченное число генов для кодирования всего множества необходимых функций, ферменты гликолиза или продукты катализируемых ими реакций можно было использовать в качестве древних регуляторов межклеточной и внутриклеточной коммуникации. Впоследствии многофункциональность основных метаболических ферментов стала использоваться опухолевыми клетками для обеспечения их выживания и роста. В настоящем обзоре мы обсуждаем некоторые некаталитические функции гликолитических ферментов, а также возможное эволюционное значение приобретения такой мультифункциональности.

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