Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences65166010.31857/S0869813924030031CPYNFRREVIEWОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИReview ArticleThe Role of Mast Cell-Neuron Tandem in the Regulation of Cardiac Function in Cardiovascular PathologiesУчастие тандема «тучная клетка – нейрон» в регуляции работы сердца при сердечно-сосудистых патологияхMorozovaM. P.МорозоваМ. П.
Russian Federation
mormasha@gmail.comKurenkovaA. D.КуренковаА. Д.
Russian Federation
mormasha@gmail.comUmarovaB. A.УмароваБ. А.
Russian Federation
mormasha@gmail.comPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. ПироговаInstitute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow Medical UniversityИнститут регенеративной медицины, Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова15032024110334937401022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651660

This review is consisted of new data about participation of mast cells (MCs) in the regulation of cardiac function in the development of some cardiovascular pathologies. In norm the number of MCs in the heart is very small compared to their number in barrier tissues. They are responsible for homeostasis of cardiac tissue and ensuring the interaction of the organ with the nervous and endocrine systems throughout the life of the organism.

Pathological processes in the heart are accompanied by the development of inflammation reaction. MCs fulfil a significant role in the all stages of inflammation. The number of MCs significantly increases against the background of myocardial infarction development, fibrotic heart disease and vascular atherosclerosis. Their contribution to the pathogenesis of the disease is ambiguous, because on the one hand it is aimed at tissue adaptation to damage, and on the other hand - avalanche-like synthesis and release of mediators from activated MCs aggravates the course of the process. As a result, MCs change their secretory profile, interfere in the realization of cardiac functions against the background of inflammation, but at the same time modulate afferent information flow from the heart and efferent influences of the nervous system. The coordinated work of the system loses its stability, which can lead to severe consequences for the vital activity of the whole organism.

The analysis of the current state of the problem indicates that the heart activity depends on the functional state of MCs, their complex interaction with the nervous system both in the norm and, especially, against the background of pathological processes development.

Данный обзор посвящен изложению новых данных об участии тучных клеток (ТК) в регуляции работы сердца при развитии некоторых сердечно-сосудистых патологий. В норме содержание ТК в сердце невелико по сравнению с их количеством в барьерных тканях. Они отвечают за гомеостаз сердечной ткани и обеспечение взаимодействия органа с нервной и эндокринной системами на протяжении всей жизни организма.

Патологические процессы в сердце сопровождаются развитием реакции воспаления, в формировании всех этапов которой значительная роль принадлежит ТК. На фоне развития инфаркта миокарда, фибротического поражения сердца и атеросклероза сосудов число ТК существенно возрастает. Их вклад в патогенез заболевания неоднозначен, поскольку с одной стороны направлен на адаптацию ткани к повреждению, а с другой – лавинообразный синтез и высвобождение медиаторов из активированных ТК усугубляет течение процесса. В результате ТК меняют свой секреторный профиль, вмешиваются в реализацию функций сердца на фоне воспаления, но вместе с тем и модулируют афферентный поток информации от сердца и эфферентные влияния нервной системы. Слаженная работа системы теряет свою устойчивость, что может привести к тяжелым последствиям для жизнедеятельности всего организма.

Анализ современного состояния проблемы свидетельствует, что от функционального состояния ТК, их сложного взаимодействия с нервной системой зависит деятельность сердца как в норме, так и, особенно, на фоне развития патологических процессов.

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