<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651671</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813924020031</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DJSPNE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Lombard speech detection in case of spatial separation between noise source and talkers of different genders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обнаружение ломбардной речи дикторов разного пола при пространственном разделении источников целевого сигнала и шума</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ig-andreeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lunichkin</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луничкин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ig-andreeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ogorodnikova</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Огородникова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ig-andreeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>110</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>185</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651671">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651671</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The spatial selectivity of hearing to speech signals was studied when the target signal and interference were separated by distance between their sources and the listener. In the work, the hypothesis about the improvement of hearing selectivity due to more intensive activation of the high-frequency binaural mechanism due to the shift of the speaker’s voice spectrum occurs in noisy environment towards high frequencies, was tested. The thresholds for detecting the target signal – a two-syllable word uttered by male or female, were evaluated in the two-alternative two-interval forced choice paradigm in 4 series. Series differed by the type of target signal (ordinary or Lombard speech) and the location of target source and noise (multi-talker noise) one. The both sources were located at a distance of 1 and 4 m opposite the subject at the level of his head. The detection threshold was defined as the ratio of signal and noise levels at the listener’s place (S/N). The threshold for detecting the target signal (male and female speaker voices together) was -11 dB S/N for ordinary as well as Lombard speech. It did not depend on which of the sources - the target signal or noise, was closer to the listener. In normal speech, the detection thresholds on average differed for male and female voices, but the difference was not significant. In Lombard speech, these thresholds were significantly different: for a male voice, the threshold at a detection level of 0.67 was -10 dB S/N, and for a female voice – -12.5 dB S/N.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изучали пространственную избирательность слуха к речевым сигналам при разделении целевого сигнала и помехи по расстоянию между их источниками и слушателем. В работе проверяли гипотезу о том, что смещение спектра голоса диктора в сторону высоких частот, которое возникает при говорении в шуме, может улучшить избирательность слуха за счет более активного включения высокочастотного механизма пространственного слуха. Пороги обнаружения целевого сигнала – двухсложного слова, произнесенного мужским или женским голосом, оценивали в задаче двухальтернативного двухинтервального вынужденного выбора в 4 сериях, которые различались типом целевого сигнала (обычная или ломбардная речь) и расположением источников целевого и маскирующего (шум многоголосия) сигналов. Источники сигналов находились на расстоянии 1 и 4 м напротив испытуемого на уровне его головы. Порог обнаружения определяли через пороговое отношение уровней сигнала и шума в месте расположения слушателя (С/Ш). Результаты показали, что порог обнаружения целевого сигнала (мужской и женский голоса диктора совместно) был одинаков для обычной и ломбардной речи и составил -11 дБ С/Ш. Он не зависел от того, какой из источников – целевого сигнала или помехи, находился ближе к слушателю. При обычной речи пороги обнаружения по средним данным различались для мужского и женского голоса, но различие было недостоверным. При ломбардной речи эти пороги достоверно различались: для мужского голоса порог на уровне обнаружения 0.67 был равен -10 дБ, а для женского – -12.5 дБ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>speech</kwd><kwd>spectral characteristics of voice</kwd><kwd>Lombard effect</kwd><kwd>binaural hearing</kwd><kwd>spatial hearing selectivity</kwd><kwd>talker-to-listener distance</kwd><kwd>speech detection</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>речь</kwd><kwd>голос</kwd><kwd>эффект Ломбарда</kwd><kwd>бинауральный слух</kwd><kwd>пространственная избирательность слуха</kwd><kwd>расстояние между диктором и слушателем</kwd><kwd>обнаружение речевого сигнала</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>№ 22-25-00068</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bronkhorst AW (2015) The cocktail-party problem revisited: early processing and selection of multi-talker speech. Atten Percept Psychophys 77(5): 1465–1487. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-015-0882-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Andreeva IG (2018) Spatial selectivity of hearing in speech recognition in speech-shaped noise environment. Hum Physiol 44: 226–236. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119718020020</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Andreeva IG, Ogorodnikova EA (2022). Auditory Adaptation to Speech Signal Characteristics. J Evol Biochem Physiol 58(5): 1293–1309. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093022050027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Marrone N, Mason CR, Kidd G (2008) Tuning in the spatial dimension: Evidence from a masked speech identification task. J Acoust Soc Am 124(2): 1146–1158. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2945710</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Haustein BG (1969) Hypothesen uber die einhorige Entferungswahrnehmung des menschlichen Gehors. Hochfrequensthechnick und Electroakustic 78(2): 45–57.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Mershon DH, Bowers JN (1979) Absolute and relative cues for the auditory perception of egocentric distance. Perception 8(3): 311–322. https://doi.org/10.1068/p080</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Kolarik AJ, Moore BC, Zahorik P, Cirstea S, Pardhan S (2016) Auditory distance perception in humans: a review of cues, development, neuronal bases, and effects of sensory loss. Atten Percept Psychophys 78: 373–395. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-015-1015-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Андреева ИГ, Бахтина АВ, Гвоздева АП (2014) Разрешающая способность слуха человека по расстоянию при приближении и удалении источников звука разного спектрального состава. Сенс сист 28(4): 3–12. [Andreeva IG, Bahtina AV, Gvozdeva AP (2014) Human’s hearing resolution in case of localizing of approaching and withdrawing sound images with various spectral structures. Sensory Systems 28(4): 3–12. (In Russ)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22741084</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Andreeva IG, Dymnikowa M, Gvozdeva AP, Ogorodnikova EA, Pak SP (2019). Spatial separation benefit for speech detection in multi-talker babble-noise with different egocentric distances. Acta Acust United Acust 105(3): 484–491. https://doi.org/10.3813/AAA.919330</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Огородникова ЕА, Лабутина ОВ, Андреева ИГ, Гвоздева АП, Баулин ЮА (2020) Фактор просодики в восприятии коммуникативной сцены с пространственным разделением источников речи и речеподобной помехи. Лингвистический форум 2020: Язык и искусственный интеллект. Москва, 12–14 ноября: 127–128. [Ogorodnikova EA, Labutina OV, Andreeva IG, Gvozdeva AP, Baulin YA (2020) Faktor prosodiki v vospriyatii kommunikativnoj sceny s prostranstvennym razdeleniem istochnikov rechi i rechepodobnoj pomekhi [The prosody factor in the perception of a communicative scene with spatially separate sources of speech and speech-like interference. Linguistic Forum 2020: Language and artificial intelligence. Moscow, November 12-14: 127–128. (In Russ)].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kleczkowski P, Żak A, Król-Nowak A (2017) Lombard effect in Polish speech and its comparison in English speech. Arch Acoust 42(4): 561–569. https://doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2017-0060.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Brungart DS, Simpson BD, Ericson MA, Scott KR (2001) Informational and energetic masking effects in the perception of multiple simultaneous talkers. J Acoust Soc Am 110(5 Pt 1): 2527–2538. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1408946.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Van Ngo T, Kubo R, Morikawa D, Akagi M (2017) Acoustical analyses of tendencies of intelligibility in lombard speech with different background noise levels. J Signal Process Syst 21(4): 171–174. https://doi.org/10.2299/jsp.21.171</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Tang P, Xu Rattanasone N, Yuen I, Demuth K (2017) Phonetic enhancement of Mandarin vowels and tones: Infant-directed speech and Lombard speech. J Acoust Soc Am 142(2): 493–503. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4995998</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Lu Y, Cooke M (2008) Speech production modifications produced by competing talkers, babble, and stationary noise. J Acoust Soc Am 124(5): 3261–3275. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2990705</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Lu Y, Cooke M (2009) Speech production modifications produced in the presence of low-pass and high-pass filtered noise. J Acoust Soc Am 126(3): 1495–1499. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3179668</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Garnier M, Henrich N (2014) Speaking in noise: How does the Lombard effect improve acoustic contrasts between speech and ambient noise? Comput Speech Lang 28(2): 580–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2013.07.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Keith RW (2000) Random Gap Detection Test. St Louis: Auditec St Louis 2000.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Gvozdeva AP, Lunichkin AM, Zaytseva LG, Ogorodnikova EA, Andreeva IG (2022) Joint Changes in First and Second Formants of /a/, /i/, /u/ Vowels in Babble Noise-a New Statistical Approach. In International Conference on Speech and Computer. Cham: Springer Int Publ. 252–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20980-2_22</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Strouse A, Ashmead DH, Ohde RN, Grantham DW (1998) Temporal processing in the aging auditory system. J Acoust Soc Am 104(4): 2385–2399. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.423748</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Puts DA, Gaulin SJC, Verdolini K (2006) Dominance and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in human voice pitch. Evol Hum Behav 27(4): 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.11.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Stowe LM, Golob EJ (2013) Evidence that the Lombard effect is frequency-specific in humans. J Acoust Soc Am 134(1): 640–647. https://doi.org/ 10.1121/1.4807645</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Bottalico P, Passione II, Graetzer S, Hunter EJ (2017) Evaluation of the starting point of the Lombard effect. Acta Acust United Acust 103(1): 169–172. https://doi.org/10.3813/AAA.919043</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Pohjalainen J, Raitio T, Yrttiaho S, Alku P (2013) Detection of shouted speech in noise: Human and machine. J Acoust Soc Am 133(4): 2377–2389. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4794394</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Berg M, Fuchs M, Wirkner K, Loeffler M, Engel C, Berger T (2017) The Speaking Voice in the General Population: Normative Data and Associations to Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors. J Voice 31(2): 257.e13–257.e24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.06.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Шиленкова ВВ, Бестолкова ОС (2013) Пресбифония. Возрастные изменения акустических параметров голоса. Вестн оториноларингол 78(6): 24–27. [Shilenkova VV, Bestolkova OS (2013) Age-related changes in the acoustic voice characteristics. Vestn Otorinolaringol 8(6): 24–27. (In Russ)]. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21074035</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
