Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences65170510.31857/S0869813923110109GNPRKIREVIEW AND PROBLEM ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ И ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИMolecular Genetic Mechanisms of Circadian Rhythm Regulation and Their Role in PsychopathologyМолекулярно-генетические механизмы регуляции циркадных ритмов и их роль в психопатологияхSmirnovaK. V.СмирноваК. В.vedelina@mail.ruChizhovaN. D.ЧижоваН. Д.amstislavskayatg@neuronm.ruGerasimovaE. V.ГерасимоваЕ. В.amstislavskayatg@neuronm.ruKalueffA. V.КалуевА. В.amstislavskayatg@neuronm.ruAmstislavskayaT. G.АмстиславскаяТ. Г.amstislavskayatg@neuronm.ruScientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and MedicineНаучно-исследовательский институт нейронаук и медициныNovosibirsk State UniversityНовосибирский государственный университетSirius University of Science and TechnologyНаучно-технологический университет “Сириус”St. Petersburg State UniversityСанкт-Петербургский государственный университетUral Federal UniversityУральский федеральный университетAlmazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова МЗ РФ01112023109111522154601022025Copyright ©; 2023, К.В. Смирнова, Н.Д. Чижова, Е.В. Герасимова, А.В. Калуев, Т.Г. АмстиславскаяCopyright ©; 2023, К.В. Смирнова, Н.Д. Чижова, Е.В. Герасимова, А.В. Калуев, Т.Г. Амстиславская2023К.В. Смирнова, Н.Д. Чижова, Е.В. Герасимова, А.В. Калуев, Т.Г. АмстиславскаяК.В. Смирнова, Н.Д. Чижова, Е.В. Герасимова, А.В. Калуев, Т.Г. Амстиславскаяhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651705

Circadian rhythms are cyclic fluctuations in the intensity of biological processes associated with the change of day and night, to which many organisms have adapted during the evolution. Disturbances in circadian rhythms are triggered by both environmental factors (e.g., altering the time zone or the length of day/night) and disrupted internal regulation of cycles (e.g., mutations of key clock genes). These changes can lead to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including psychopathologies. Since the mechanisms underlying circadian regulation are rather evolutionarily conservative, experimental animal models are actively used to probe these processes and their relationship with psychopathologies. Here, we discuss the regulation of circadian rhythms, as well as their cross-taxon similarities and differences between mammals and teleost fish (zebrafish, Danio rerio). We also discuss recent findings on molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the regulation of circadian rhythms and their link to pathogenesis of mental disorders in humans and model organisms.

Циркадные (циркадианные) ритмы представляют собой циклические колебания интенсивности биологических процессов, связанные со сменой дня и ночи, к которым в ходе эволюции приспособились многие живые организмы. Нарушения циркадных ритмов провоцируются как факторами среды (смена часового пояса или продолжительности дня и ночи), так и поломками во внутренней регуляции циклов (мутации ключевых “часовых” генов). Эти изменения могут приводить к патогенезу различных заболеваний, в том числе психопатологий. Поскольку механизмы, лежащие в основе циркадной регуляции, достаточно консервативны, для большего понимания этих процессов и их связи с психопатологиями активно используют экспериментальные модели in vivo. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены вопросы регуляции циркадных ритмов, а также их межтаксонные сходства и различия у млекопитающих и костных рыб (на примере широко используемых в биомедицине рыб зебраданио, Danio rerio). В работе обсуждаются современные представления о молекулярно-генетических механизмах, лежащих в основе регуляции циркадных ритмов, и их взаимосвязь с патогенезом психических расстройств у человека и модельных организмов.

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