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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651713</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813923110110</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">XPKRKY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Pharmacoencephalographic Assessment of Antiphyschotic Agents’ Effect Dose-Dependency in Rats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Фармакоэнцефалографическая оценка дозозависимости эффектов антипсихотических средств у крыс</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sysoev</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сысоев</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>susoyev92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shits</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиц</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>susoyev92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Puchik</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пучик</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>susoyev92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazeva</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князева</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>susoyev92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korelov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корелов</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>susoyev92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prikhodko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Приходько</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>susoyev92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titovich</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титович</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>susoyev92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selizarova</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селизарова</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>susoyev92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Okovityi</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оковитый</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>susoyev92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт трансляционной биомедицины, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт мозга человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sirius University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-технологический университет “Сириус”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>109</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1665</fpage><lpage>1683</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Ю.И. Сысоев, Д.Д. Шиц, М.М. Пучик, И.С. Князева, М.С. Корелов, В.А. Приходько, И.А. Титович, Н.О. Селизарова, С.В. Оковитый</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Ю.И. Сысоев, Д.Д. Шиц, М.М. Пучик, И.С. Князева, М.С. Корелов, В.А. Приходько, И.А. Титович, Н.О. Селизарова, С.В. Оковитый</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ю.И. Сысоев, Д.Д. Шиц, М.М. Пучик, И.С. Князева, М.С. Корелов, В.А. Приходько, И.А. Титович, Н.О. Селизарова, С.В. Оковитый</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ю.И. Сысоев, Д.Д. Шиц, М.М. Пучик, И.С. Князева, М.С. Корелов, В.А. Приходько, И.А. Титович, Н.О. Селизарова, С.В. Оковитый</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651713">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651713</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45257551734176">Pharmacoencephalography (pharmaco-EEG) is a prominent instrument for the pharmacological screening new psychoactive molecules. This experimental approach has not remained a vestige of neurobiological studies, and can be used successfully to complete today’s research objectives. The development and rise to universal use of machine learning techniques opens up novel prospects for the use of pharmaco-EEG data to solve the problems of classification and prognosis. We have previously shown that naïve Bayes classifier (NBC) combined with the principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to differentiate between antipsychotic and sedative drug effects as well as to distinguish among the antipsychotics’ effects. In the present study, we evaluated the possibility to employ this method to assess the dose-dependency of antipsychotic effects. The experiments were carried out in white outbred male rats with chronically implanted electrocorticographic electrodes. As the agents of interest, we chose two drugs with antipsychotic activity, chlorpromazine and promethazine, in three doses each (0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg and 0.5, 5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively). The training set, used as a reference to determine the pharmacological effects of the agents of interest, included the D<sub>2</sub>-dopamine receptor blocker haloperidol, M-cholinergic receptor blocker tropicamide, H<sub>1</sub>-histamine receptor blocker chloropyramine, the sedative dexmedetomidine, and the anxiolytic phenazepam. We have shown that the lowest chlorpromazine dose (0.1 mg/kg) can be characterized as antipsychotic with a marked histaminolytic effect, while the highest one (10 mg/kg) exhibits predominantly antipsychotic activity with a cataleptogenic effect. All the doses demonstrated anticholinergic activity, which increased with the dose. For promethazine, we observed a clear dose-dependent transition from antipsychotic action to cataleptogenic, alongside a notable antimuscarinic effect of all doses. None of promethazine doses showed any resemblance to chloropyramine, which probably indicates its anti-dopaminergic and antimuscarinic effects being able to mask its H<sub>1</sub>-antihistamine effect in the used dose range. In summary, our results demonstrate that NBC coupled with PCA can be used to determine the dose-dependency of antipsychotic agents’ effects based on their impact on electrocorticogram parameters. Further development of this method as well as expansion of psychotropic agent electropharmacogram library would allow for more precise prognosis of pharmacological activity of the agents of interest.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45257551732176">Фармакоэнцефалография (фармако-ЭЭГ) представляет большой интерес как инструмент фармакологического скрининга новых психоактивных молекул. Этот экспериментальный подход не остался рудиментом нейробиологических исследований и может быть успешно использован для решения поставленных задач в настоящее время. Развитие и повсеместное применение методов машинного обучения открывает новые возможности использования данных фармако-ЭЭГ для решения задач классификации и прогнозирования. Ранее было показано, что наивный байесовский классификатор в комбинации с методом главных компонент может быть использован как для отличия антипсихотического действия лекарственных препаратов от седативного, так и для сравнения эффектов антипсихотических средств между собой. В настоящем исследовании была проведена оценка возможности выявления дозозависимости эффектов изучаемых препаратов с использованием предложенного метода. Эксперименты выполняли на белых беспородных крысах-самцах с хронически имплантированными электрокортикографическими электродами. В качестве изучаемых препаратов были выбраны два средства с антипсихотическим действием – хлорпромазин и прометазин в трех дозах (0.1, 1, 10 мг/кг и 0.5, 5 и 20 мг/кг соответственно). Обучающей выборкой, относительно которой в ходе работы определяли фармакологические эффекты исследуемых средств, были блокатор дофаминовых D<sub>2</sub>-рецепторов галоперидол, М-холиноблокатор тропикамид, H<sub>1</sub>-гистаминоблокатор хлоропирамин, а также седативный препарат дексмедетомидин и анксиолитик феназепам. В результате проведенной работы было показано, что низкая доза хлорпромазина (0.1 мг/кг) может быть охарактеризована как антипсихотическая с выраженным гистаминолитическим эффектом, в то время как наиболее высокая (10 мг/кг) демонстрирует преимущественно антипсихотическое действие с каталептогенным эффектом. Все три дозы хлорпромазина обнаруживали холинолитическое действие, которое усиливалось по мере увеличения дозы. Для прометазина был выявлен четкий дозозависимый переход от антипсихотического действия к каталептогенному, а также выраженный М-холиноблокирующий эффект во всех вводимых дозах. Ни одна из доз прометазина не продемонстрировала сходство с хлоропирамином, это, вероятно, свидетельствует о том, что дофаминоблокирующий и холинолитический эффекты препарата могут маскировать его H<sub>1</sub>-гистаминоблокирующее действие на электрокортикограмме у крыс. Таким образом, полученные результаты демонстрируют, что наивный байесовский классификатор в комбинации с методом главных компонент может быть использован для выявления дозозависимости эффектов антипсихотических препаратов по их влиянию на параметры электрокортикограмм. Дальнейшее развитие метода, а также увеличение используемой библиотеки записей эффектов психотропных препаратов может позволить более точно осуществлять прогнозирование фармакологической активности изучаемых веществ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>naïve Bayes classifier</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>pharmacoelectroencephalography</kwd><kwd>electrocorticography</kwd><kwd>antipsychotics</kwd><kwd>chlorpromazine</kwd><kwd>promethazine</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наивный байесовский классификатор</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>фармакоэлектроэнцефалография</kwd><kwd>электрокортикография</kwd><kwd>антипсихотические средства</kwd><kwd>хлорпромазин</kwd><kwd>прометазин</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lanzone J, Ricci L, Tombini M, Boscarino M, Mecarelli O, Pulitano P, Di Lazzaro V, Assenza G (2021) The effect of Perampanel on EEG spectral power and connectivity in patients with focal epilepsy. 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