Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences65172810.31857/S0869813924100033VRXCIAArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleTherapeutic effects of noble gasesТерапевтические эффекты инертных газовKabiolskiyI. А.КабиольскийИ. А.
Russian Federation
ilyakab1999@gmail.comSimonenkoS. D.СимоненкоС. Д.
Russian Federation
ilyakab1999@gmail.comSarychevaN. U.СарычеваН. Ю.
Russian Federation
ilyakab1999@gmail.comDubyninV. А.ДубынинВ. А.
Russian Federation
ilyakab1999@gmail.comLomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова15102024110101582160102022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651728

Since the last century it has been known that inert gases can cause a range of physiological effects. The biological activity of inert gases is an extremely multifaceted phenomenon. Despite the similarity of most physical and chemical characteristics, they are able to affect many organs and tissues by interacting with a variety of protein targets. Currently, it is known that xenon, krypton and argon are capable of changing the functional state of the central nervous system and correcting some psychoemotional disorders. In addition, they influence the processes of apoptosis and cellular response to stress. Noble gases affect the state of the immune system and various parameters of homeostasis. The cytoprotective effects of helium on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems have also been convincingly demonstrated. Thus, noble gases are currently being considered as potential means of correcting various diseases.

This review is devoted to the analysis of literature data on the physiological effects of noble gases identified in biomedical studies on patients, as well as in cell culture and in vivo models. Each chapter of the review is devoted to a particular gas of this group, starting with the most studied ones. For each of the noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) their physiological activity, the possibility of using these substances in medicine and some known mechanisms of their action are considered. Moreover, in the review existing data were critically analyzed and key gaps that need to be filled in future research were identified.

С середины прошлого века известно, что инертные газы способны вызывать целый набор физиологических эффектов. При этом биологическая активность инертных газов представляет собой крайне многогранный феномен. Несмотря на схожесть большинства физических и химических характеристик, они влияют на множество органов и тканей, взаимодействуя с разнообразными белковыми мишенями. В настоящее время известно, что ксенон, криптон и аргон способны изменять функциональное состояние центральной нервной системы, корректировать некоторые психоэмоциональные расстройства. Помимо этого, они влияют на процессы апоптоза и клеточной реакции на стресс. Инертные газы оказывают действие на состояние иммунной системы и различные параметры гомеостаза. Также убедительно показаны цитопротекторные эффекты гелия на сердечно-сосудистую и дыхательную системы. Таким образом, инертные газы в настоящее время рассматриваются как потенциальные средства коррекции различных заболеваний.

Представленный обзор посвящен анализу данных литературы о физиологических эффектах инертных газов, выявленных в биомедицинских исследованиях на пациентах, а также в моделях на клеточных культурах и in vivo. Каждая глава статьи посвящена отдельному газу данной группы, начиная с наиболее изученных. Для каждого из инертных газов (гелия, неона, аргона, криптона, ксенона и радона) рассмотрены физиологическая активность, возможность применения в медицине, а также некоторые известные механизмы действия. Помимо этого, в обзоре проведен критический анализ имеющихся данных и обозначены основные пробелы, которые предстоит заполнить в будущих исследованиях.

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