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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651734</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813924100095</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VREZAI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comprehensive analysis of voluntary wheel training effects on neural control of the heart rate in rats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Комплексное исследование эффектов беговой тренировки в колесе на нервную регуляцию частоты сердечных сокращений у крыс</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borzykh</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борзых</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ost.msu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Selivanova</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиванова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ost.msu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovik</surname><given-names>А. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровик</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ost.msu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ost.msu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>О. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ost.msu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>О. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ost.msu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>110</volume><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1701</fpage><lpage>1717</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651734">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651734</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aerobic physical training is used to prevent and correct many cardiovascular disorders. To study the effects of such physical exercise, various methods of training are used in rodents, among which voluntary wheel running is of particular interest, because it is close to the natural rat locomotion in terms of the pattern of motor activity and is devoid of stressful influence. The aim of this work was a comprehensive study of the effects of wheel running on the nervous control of heart rate (HR) in rats. At the age of 6 weeks, the animals were divided into two groups: training (TR, free access to wheels, <italic>n</italic> = 11) and sedentary control (CON, <italic>n</italic> = 12). After 6 weeks of training, ECG was recorded in freely moving rats using skin electrodes in baseline, after blockade of cardiac nervous influences and under air-jet stress (4 min). The effects of the autonomic nervous system were analyzed by administering a β1-adrenergic blocker and a peripherally acting M-cholinoceptor blocker, and by analyzing cardiac rhythm variability using spectral and wavelet analyses. TR group showed a decrease in the baseline HR level compared to the CON group. The decrease in HR upon administration of atenolol (2 mg/kg) did not differ between the groups, but methylatropine (1 mg/kg) caused a more significant increase in HR in the TR group than in the CON group. With the combined action of atenolol and methylatropine, HR levels did not differ between the groups. The rats of the TR group showed an increase in the contribution of high-frequency (0.75–3 Hz) oscillations to the total spectrum power of the RR interval. During air-jet stress, TR group showed a more pronounced increase in HR compared to the CON group. In addition, in the TR group, a decrease in the amplitude of HR high-frequency oscillations was observed during stress, while in the CON group, such a decrease was absent. Thus, the voluntary wheel running is accompanied in the rat by an increase in parasympathetic influences on the heart, which is manifested in an increase in respiratory sinus arrhythmia and in an increase in vagal influence on the resting HR level. Moderate bradycardia at rest provides the possibility of a more pronounced increase in HR during emotional stress because of the suppression of parasympathetic cardiac influences.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Физическая тренировка в аэробном режиме нагрузки используется для предотвращения и коррекции многих нарушений в сердечно-сосудистой системе. Для исследования эффектов такой физической нагрузки используются различные способы тренировки грызунов, среди которых особый интерес представляет методика произвольной беговой нагрузки в колесе, которая по паттерну двигательной активности близка к естественной локомоции крыс и при этом лишена стрессирующего влияния. Целью данной работы было комплексное исследование эффектов беговой тренировки в колесе на нервную регуляцию частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) у крыс. В возрасте 6 недель животных делили на две группы: тренировка (TR, свободный доступ к колесам, <italic>n</italic> = 11) и сидячий контроль (CON, <italic>n</italic> = 12). После 6-недельной тренировки проводили регистрацию ЭКГ у свободноподвижных крыс при помощи накожных электродов в спокойном состоянии, после блокады нервных влияний на сердце и при air-jet стрессе (4 мин). Анализ влияний автономной нервной системы проводили путем введения животным β<sub>1</sub>-адреноблокатора и М-холиноблокатора периферического действия, а также анализа вариабельности сердечного ритма с использованием методов спектрального и вейвлет-анализа. В спокойном состоянии у крыс группы TR по сравнению с группой CON наблюдалось снижение уровня ЧСС. Снижение ЧСС при введении атенолола (2 мг/кг) не различалось между группами, однако метилатропин (1 мг/кг) вызывал более значительное повышение ЧСС в группе TR, чем в группе CON. При совместном действии атенолола и метилатропина уровни ЧСС не различались между группами. У крыс группы TR наблюдалось увеличение вклада высокочастотных (0.75–3 Гц) колебаний в общую мощность спектра RR-интервала. Во время эмоционального (air-jet) стресса у крыс группы TR происходило более выраженное повышение ЧСС по сравнению с группой CON. Кроме того, в группе TR во время стресса наблюдалось снижение амплитуды высокочастотных колебаний сердечного ритма, у крыс группы CON такое снижение отсутствовало. Таким образом, произвольный бег крыс в колесе сопровождается увеличением парасимпатических влияний на сердце в спокойном состоянии, что проявляется как в изменении вариабельности сердечного ритма, так и в увеличении тахикардии при введении M-холинолитика. Умеренная брадикардия в покое обеспечивает возможность более выраженного повышения ЧСС при стрессе в результате подавления парасимпатических влияний на сердце.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rat</kwd><kwd>exercise training</kwd><kwd>sympathetic nervous system</kwd><kwd>parasympathetic nervous system</kwd><kwd>spectral analysis</kwd><kwd>wavelet analysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крыса</kwd><kwd>физическая тренировка</kwd><kwd>симпатическая нервная система</kwd><kwd>парасимпатическая нервная система</kwd><kwd>спектральный анализ</kwd><kwd>вейвлет-анализ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд фундаментальных исследований</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Scientific Foundation for Basic Research</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-15-00331</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Li G, Li J, Gao F (2020) Exercise and Cardiovascular Protection. 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