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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651744</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813924080058</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BCJVSZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of forced swimming on the performance of the "water escape test"</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние форсированного плавания на выполнение теста «избавление подныриванием»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tur</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тур</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>striga996@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belozertseva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белозерцева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>striga996@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">First St. Petersburg Pavlov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова МЗ России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2024-09-15"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>110</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1349</fpage><lpage>1361</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received:<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="pub"><event-desc>Published:<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2024-09-15"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651744">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/651744</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Housing conditions and prior life experiences can influence, to varying degrees, animal behavior, brain regions that regulate important neural and physiological functions such as memory, stress responses, and emotional behavior. Stressors of low to moderate intensity, occurring in enriched environments and training, promote the development and maintenance of cognitive functions, whereas exposures of excessive severity and/or duration lead to maladaptation and distress, with negative effects on animal nervous system functioning in general and cognitive functions in particular. Based on these facts, external physical effects of “excessive intensity” can be used for the formation and study of various cognitive disorders. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that a similar but unavoidable exposure to the aversive conditions of the aquatic environment of the “forced swim” would affect the cognitive ability of animals in the “water escape” test. For the first time the effect of forced swimming stress (15 min) on the ability to solve the task of the “water escape” test and the development of the diving skill was evaluated. It was shown that the experience of forced swimming on the eve of the test has a “dramatic” effect on the ability to solve the task of diving, and the negative effects persist even after 2 weeks.</p> <p>The use of the forced swim procedure before performing the “water escape” test looks like a promising way to model stress-induced cognitive dysfunctions. The persistence of the effect of forced swimming on the “water escape” test task completion (at least 14 days) opens the prospect for evaluating the effects of subchronic administration of pharmacological agents with antidepressant and procognitive properties.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Условия содержания и предшествующий жизненный опыт животных могут в различной степени влиять на области мозга, регулирующие важные нейронные и физиологические функции, такие как память, реакции на стресс и эмоциональное поведение. Стрессоры низкой и средней интенсивности, возникающие в обогащенной окружающей среде и при проведении тренингов, способствуют развитию и поддержанию когнитивных функций, в то время как воздействия чрезмерной силы и/или длительности приводят к дезадаптации и дистрессу, что негативно сказывается на функционировании нервной системы животных в целом и на когнитивных функциях в частности. Опираясь на эти факты, внешние физические воздействия «чрезмерной интенсивности» можно использовать для формирования и изучения различных когнитивных нарушений. В соответствии с этим была выдвинута гипотеза о влиянии схожего, но неизбегаемого воздействия аверсивных условий водной среды теста «форсированное плавание» на когнитивные способности животных в тесте «избавление подныриванием». Впервые было оценено влияние стресса форсированного плавания (15 мин) на способность решения задачи теста «избавление подныриванием» и выработку навыка подныривания у крыс. Показано, что наличие опыта неизбегаемого плавания накануне теста «драматическим» образом сказывается на способности к решению задачи подныриванием, а негативные последствия сохраняются даже по истечении 2 недель.</p> <p>Использование процедуры форсированного плавания до выполнения теста «избавление подныриванием» выглядит перспективным способом моделирования стресс-индуцированных когнитивных нарушений. Стойкость эффекта неизбегаемого плавания на скорость решения задачи «избавления подныриванием» (не менее 14 дней) открывает перспективу для оценки эффектов субхронического введения фармакологических средств с антидепрессивными и прокогнитивными свойствами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive dysfunction</kwd><kwd>cognitive ability</kwd><kwd>water escape test</kwd><kwd>extrapolative escape</kwd><kwd>Porsolt test</kwd><kwd>forced swim test</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные дисфункции</kwd><kwd>когнитивные способности</kwd><kwd>избавление подныриванием</kwd><kwd>экстраполяционное избавление</kwd><kwd>тест Порсолта</kwd><kwd>форсированное плавание</kwd><kwd>крыса</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>056-00016-18-00</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Перепелкина ОВ, Лильп ИГ, Маркина НВ, Голибродо ВА, Полетаева ИИ (2021) Первый опыт селекции лабораторных мышей на высокую способность к экстраполяции. 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