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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">682957</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813925010102</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UJOLIE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of conversion cocktail on astrocyte and neuronal status in the primary hippocampal culture of 5xFAD mice with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibition</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффект конверсионного коктейля на состояние астроцитов и нейронов в первичной культуре гиппокампа 5ХFAD мышей на фоне ингибирования ангиотензин-превращающего фермента 2</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaplygina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаплыгина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shadowhao@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanova</surname><given-names>D. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданова</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shadowhao@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poltavtseva</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полтавцева</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shadowhao@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobkova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shadowhao@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биофизики клетки РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after аcademician V.I.Kulakov Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. акад. В.И. Кулакова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>155</fpage><lpage>169</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-05"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/682957">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/682957</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Neurodegenerative diseases are intricate pathological conditions characterized by the progressive degeneration and death of neurons in the nervous system. Consequently, researchers are increasingly focusing on strategies that utilize combinations of bioactive chemical compounds to convert other, more stable cell types into functional neurons. Chemical conversion has shown promise, particularly in models consisting solely of astrocytes; however, more realistic experimental systems include various cell types whose interactions may influence the response to chemical conversion. In this study, we investigated the impact of a multicomponent chemical cocktail on cells in mixed astro-neuronal cultures derived from the hippocampus of transgenic mice from the 5xFAD line, a genetic model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, we recreated a model that simulates the reduction in ACE2 receptor activity observed in COVID-19 patients, which occurs due to internalization of the receptor after it binds to the coronavirus in order to study the consequences of chemical conversion upon disruption of this enzyme activity in the brain. Our findings indicate that the increase in neuronal density and the emergence of new neurons following exposure to the conversion cocktail in complex multicomponent cell systems become apparent only at later time points in cultures derived from non-transgenic animals, as well as in cultures from the 5xFAD mouse line. This may be attributed to the natural rise in astroglial levels during culture degradation. Notably, ACE2 inhibition significantly impacts the morphology of individual astrocytes and neurons. When we assessed the effects of the chemical cocktail, we observed that its efficacy was influenced by both the transgenic status of the culture and the timing of the conversion cocktail administration in relation to ACE2 inhibition. Cultures derived from transgenic animals exhibited higher susceptibility to both the ACE2 inhibitor and the chemical conversion agents.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нейродегенеративные заболевания – это сложные патологические состояния, при которых наблюдается прогрессирующая гибель нейронов. В связи с этим внимание специалистов привлекают подходы, основанные на использовании комбинаций биоактивных химических соединений для трансформации других, относительно устойчивых типов клеток в полноценные нейроны. Химическая конверсия является перспективным методом, который демонстрирует высокую эффективность в моделях, состоящих исключительно из астроцитов, однако в более реальных модельных системах присутствуют различные типы клеток, и их взаимодействие может изменять ответ на химическую конверсию. В данной работе был исследован эффект действия многокомпонентного химического коктейля на клетки в смешанных астро-нейрональных культурах из гиппокампа трансгенных мышей линии 5xFAD, моделирующих генетически-обусловленную форму болезни Альцгеймера. Также в данном исследовании было смоделировано состояние, имитирующее возможное снижение активности ангиотензин-превращающего фермента 2 (АСЕ2) вследствие его интернализации внутрь клетки после связывания с коронавирусом SARS-CoV2 с целью изучения эффективности химической конверсии при нарушении активности этого фермента в мозге. Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что увеличение нейрональной плотности и появление новых нейронов после действия конверсионного коктейля на сложные многокомпонентные клеточные системы проявляется только на поздних сроках культивирования клеток гиппокампа нетрансгенных животных, а также при использовании культур из гиппокампа мышей линии 5xFAD, когда наблюдается увеличение уровня астроглии. Ингибирование АСЕ2 оказывало существенное влияние на морфологию отдельных астроцитов и нейронов в культурах клеток гиппокампа. При исследовании действия химического коктейля была обнаружена зависимость эффекта от трансгенности культуры и времени введения конверсионного коктейля относительно ингибирования АСЕ2. Культуры клеток, полученные из трансгенных животных, более восприимчивы как к действию ингибитора ACE2, так и к воздействию факторов химической конверсии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>5xFAD</kwd><kwd>angiotensin-converting enzyme 2</kwd><kwd>chemical conversion cocktails</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>мыши линии 5xFAD</kwd><kwd>ангиотензин-превращающий фермент 2</kwd><kwd>химические конверсионные коктейли</kwd><kwd>MLN-4760</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-25-00465</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lee C, Robinson M, Willerth S (2018) Direct Reprogramming of Glioblastoma Cells into Neurons Using Small Molecules. 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