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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">682958</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813925010111</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UJGPCC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of paired associative stimulation on the speed-strength parameters of human voluntary movement</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние парной ассоциативной стимуляции на скоростно-силовые параметры произвольного движения человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ivanov@vlgafc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyakhtov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шляхтов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ivanov@vlgafc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorodnichev</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Городничев</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ivanov@vlgafc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Education and Sports</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Великолукская государственная академия физической культуры и спорта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>170</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-05"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/682958">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/682958</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The successful performance of various coordination complexity sports’ motor actions is largely determined by the functional interaction between neurons of the primary motor cortex and spinal cord, realized through anatomical and physiological connections between these structures. In experimental studies, it was shown that such functional connections can be targetly changed using the method of paired associative stimulation (PAS). The main goal of our research was to determine the effects of the PAS with stimuli combining at the spinal motor neurons on the speed-strength characteristics of human’s voluntary movement. The study involved 10 healthy male subjects engaged in sports games, aged 18 to 22. The PAS session involved 100 pairs of associative stimuli combined at the spinal motor neurons. Corticospinal excitability using the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method, the spinal motor neurons' excitability through transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation (tSCS), and the speed-force characteristics of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the shin muscles (plantar flexion) were recorded before and after the PAS. Data analysis showed PAS led to an increase in corticospinal excitability, an increase in the torque achieved during 50, 100, 150 and 200 ms of MVC, an increase in the rate of contraction and relaxation of muscles during MVC. These PAS session effects are probably due to the involvement of a larger number of fast motor units (MU) during MVC and an increase in the efficiency of inhibitory processes in the motor cortex during muscle relaxation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Успешное выполнение спортивных двигательных действий различной координационной сложности во многом определяется функциональным взаимодействием между нейронами первичной моторной коры и спинного мозга, реализуемым на основе существующих между этими структурами анатомических и физиологических связей. В экспериментальных исследованиях показано, что такие функциональные связи могут быть целенаправленно изменены с помощью метода парной ассоциативной стимуляции (PAS). Цель нашей работы состояла в изучении влияния сеанса PAS, предусматривающей одновременное поступление стимулов от моторной коры и корешков спинного мозга к спинальным мотонейронам, на скоростно-силовые параметры произвольного мышечного усилия человека. В исследовании приняли участие 10 здоровых лиц мужского пола в возрасте от 18 до 22 лет, занимающихся спортивными играми. Сеанс PAS предусматривал нанесение 100 пар ассоциативных стимулов, совпадающих на уровне спинальных мотонейронов. До и после стимуляционного воздействия у испытуемых определяли кортикоспинальную возбудимость при помощи метода транскраниальной магнитной стимуляции (TMS) и возбудимость спинальных мотонейронов посредством чрескожной электрической стимуляции спинного мозга (tSCS), а также регистрировали скоростно-силовые характеристики максимального произвольного сокращения (MVC) мышц голени (подошвенное сгибание стопы). Анализ результатов исследования показал, что PAS с совпадением стимулов на уровне спинальных мотонейронов приводила к увеличению кортикоспинальной возбудимости, увеличению усилий, развиваемых спортсменом за первые 50, 100, 150 и 200 мс выполнения максимального усилия, и увеличению скорости его развития. Данные изменения в результате воздействия сеанса PAS, вероятно, обусловлены вовлечением большего количества быстрых двигательных единиц при выполнении MVC и повышением эффективности тормозных процессов в моторной коре в момент расслабления.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Paired associative stimulation</kwd><kwd>speed-strength abilities</kwd><kwd>motor system</kwd><kwd>corticospinal excitability</kwd><kwd>isometric contraction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>парная ассоциативная стимуляция</kwd><kwd>скоростно-силовые качества</kwd><kwd>моторная система</kwd><kwd>кортикоспинальная возбудимость</kwd><kwd>изометрическое усилие</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Wallace BG, Fuchs PA (2008) From neuron to brain (4th ed). 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