Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences68624410.31857/S0869813925050028TOCVNEREVIEWОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИReview ArticleNecroptosis, Autophagy and Parthanatos in the Pathogenesis of Brain DiseasesНекроптоз, аутофагия и партанатос в патогенезе заболеваний ЦНСGolushkoN. I.ГолушкоН. И.
Russian Federation
avkalueff@gmail.comMartynovD. D.МартыновД. Д.
Russian Federation
avkalueff@gmail.comLebedevA. S.ЛебедевА. С.
Russian Federation
avkalueff@gmail.comIlyinN. P.ИльинН. П.
Russian Federation
avkalueff@gmail.comGalstyanD. S.ГалстянД. С.
Russian Federation
avkalueff@gmail.comKaluevA. V.КалуевА. В.
Russian Federation
avkalueff@gmail.comAlmazov National Medical Research CenterНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. АлмазоваSaint Petersburg State UniversityСанкт-Петербургский государственный университетSirius University of Science and TechnologyНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус»1505202511156596922806202528062025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/686244

Necroptosis, autophagy and parthanatos are three interrelated mechanisms of programmed cell death that exert a significant impact on the health and pathology of the central nervous system. They participate in maintaining cellular homeostasis by eliminating damaged or nonfunctional cells, as well as in shaping the neuroinflammatory response. Dysregulation of these processes is associated with a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders – from neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases to depressive and schizophrenic conditions. This paper summarizes clinical and preclinical data describing the roles of necroptosis, autophagy and parthanatos in the pathogenesis of brain diseases. It also discusses experimental models that enable the study of these forms of cell death and the testing of new therapeutic approaches. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes opens up opportunities for the development of drugs capable of simultaneously modulating multiple signaling pathways, thereby improving the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of central nervous system disorders.

Некроптоз, аутофагия и партанатос представляют собой три взаимосвязанных механизма программируемой гибели клеток, оказывающих существенное влияние на здоровье и патологию мозга. Данные процессы участвуют в поддержании клеточного гомеостаза, обеспечивая удаление поврежденных или нефункциональных клеток, а также формирование нейровоспалительного ответа. Нарушение этих процессов ассоциировано с рядом неврологических и психических заболеваний – от болезней Альцгеймера и Паркинсона до депрессии и шизофрении. В работе рассмотрены клинические и доклинические данные, описывающие роль некроптоза, аутофагии и партанатоса в патогенезе болезней мозга, а также обсуждаются экспериментальные модели, позволяющие более подробно изучить данные формы клеточной смерти и разработать новые терапевтические подходы. Понимание молекулярных механизмов этих процессов открывает перспективы разработки препаратов, способных одновременно модулировать несколько сигнальных путей, улучшая профилактику, диагностику и лечение заболеваний мозга.

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