Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences68741310.31857/S0869813925060074TEWXWNEXPERIMENTAL ARTICLESЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticlePolyphenols from Vitis vinifera L. Grape Stems Regulate Alcohol Metabolism and Reduce Its Toxic Effects in RatsПолифенолы гребней винограда vitis vinifera l. регулируют метаболизм этилового спирта и снижают его токсическое действие у крысFomenkoS. E.ФоменкоС. Е.
Russian Federation
fomenko29@mail.ruKushnerovaN. F.КушнероваН. Ф.
Russian Federation
fomenko29@mail.ruSpryginV. G.СпрыгинВ. Г.
Russian Federation
fomenko29@mail.ruIlyichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RASТихоокеанский океанологический институт им. В.И. Ильичева ДВО РАН1506202511169299431307202513072025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/687413

The study examined the effect of Vitis vinifera L. grape stem (bunch after berry separation) extract enriched with a polyphenol complex on ethanol elimination and the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (AlDH) in rat liver under chronic alcohol intoxication. The total content of polyphenols in the resulting extract was 53.12 ± 1.25 mg GAE/g dw extract (mg-equivalent of gallic acid/g) and flavonoids – 8.02 ± 2.6 mg GAE/g dw extract (mg-equivalent of quercetin/g). Under the influence of 5% grape stem extract (GSE) added to a 15% ethanol solution, a decrease in ethyl alcohol consumption by animals was observed, both under conditions of free access and forced contact with ethanol. Comparative analysis of ethanol pharmacokinetic parameters in rats showed that the addition of GSE leads to a decrease in ethanol elimination from the body, as evidenced by an increase in the half-life (T1/2) and a decrease in the ethanol elimination constant (Kel) in the blood. It was found that the complex of polyphenols contained in plant extracts plays a major role in the processing of ethyl alcohol in other animals, being exposed to enzymes that occur in its oxidation. The action of GSE leads to an increase in the reductase activity of ADH in the liver, which helps prevent the accumulation of highly toxic acetaldehyde in the body. This fact is confirmed by a decrease in the activity of the AlDG enzyme in the liver of rats with both low and high Michaelis constants. The polyphenol complex isolated from grape stem can serve as an effective means of protecting the body from the toxic effects of high doses of ethyl alcohol.

В процессе исследования оценивалось влияние экстракта из гребней (кисти после отделения ягод) винограда Vitis vinifera L., обогащенного полифенольным комплексом, на элиминацию этанола и активность алкогольдегидрогеназы (АДГ) и альдегиддегидрогеназы (АлДГ) в печени крыс в условиях хронической алкогольной интоксикации. Общее содержание полифенолов в полученном экстракте составило 53.12 ± 1.25 мг-экв ГК/г сухого экстракта (мг-эквивалент галловой кислоты/г) и флавоноидов – 8.02 ± 2.6 мг-экв Кв/г сухого экстракта (мг-эквивалент кверцетина/г). Под действием 5%-ного экстракта из гребней винограда (ЭГВ), добавленного в 15%-ный раствор этанола, наблюдалось снижение потребления этилового спирта животными как в условиях свободного доступа, так и принудительного контакта с этанолом. Сравнительный анализ фармакокинетических параметров этанола в крови крыс показал, что добавка ЭГВ приводит к снижению элиминации этанола из организма, о чем свидетельствует увеличение времени полувыведения (T1/2) и уменьшение константы элиминации этанола (Kel). Установлено, что комплекс полифенолов, содержащихся в экстракте растительного происхождения, играет важную роль в метаболизме этилового спирта в организме животных, оказывая воздействие на ферменты, участвующие в его окислении. Действие ЭГВ приводит к увеличению редуктазной активности АДГ в печени, что помогает предотвратить накопление высокотоксичного ацетальдегида в организме. Данный факт подтверждается снижением активности фермента АлДГ в печени крыс как с низкой, так и с высокой константой Михаэлиса. Комплекс полифенолов, выделенный из виноградных гребней, может стать эффективным средством для защиты организма от токсического воздействия высоких доз этилового спирта.

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