Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences69144410.7868/S2658655X25080052natgfyREVIEWОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleCell therapy and biomaterials: modern approaches in the treatment of spinal cord injuryКлеточная терапия и биоматериалы: современные подходы в лечении травмы спинного мозгаArsentievK. A.АрсентьевК. А.ShtolV. S.ШтольВ. С.KonovalovaS. P.КоноваловаС. П.TsarevaA. D.ЦареваА. Д.IvanovD. A.ИвановД. А.MusienkoP. E.МусиенкоП. Е.musienko.pe@talantiuspeh.ruDepartment of Neurobiology, Scientific Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and TechnologyНаучный центр генетики и наук о жизни, направление “Нейробиология”, научно-технологический университет “Сириус”Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State UniversityИнститут трансляционной биомедицины, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетLife Improvement by Future Technologies Center “LIFT”150820251118VOL 111, NO (2025)ТОМ 111, № (2025)1322135626092025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/691444

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a pathology with a complex pathogenesis that currently lacks a complete treatment strategy. Among the emerging therapies, a combination approach is considered a promising option, which involves the use of biomaterial scaffolds to deliver both the cells themselves and drugs to the injured area of the spinal cord (SC). Single cell therapy is ineffective, but biomaterial-based scaffolds are able to confine transplanted cells from the aggressive microenvironment of the injury focus, as well as provide the necessary framework for adhesion and further integration of cells into the recipient's neural tissue. Modern approaches in the field of cell and organoid therapies together with smart biomaterials capable of changing their properties in response to specific stimuli offer great opportunities in the field of TCM therapy. This review aims to cover all relevant data in the field of novel therapies for TCM using cell therapies and biomaterials and their combinations. The paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of different types of cell grafts, including less common ones, presents a method of brain organoid transplantation, and highlights the most commonly used types of scaffolds, selected for their mechanical properties and 3D architecture.

Травма спинного мозга (ТСМ) – патология с комплексным патогенезом, на сегодняшний день не имеющая полноценной стратегии лечения. Среди развивающихся методов лечения перспективным вариантом считается комбинированный подход, который заключается в использовании каркасов из биоматериалов для доставки как самих клеток, так и лекарственных средств к поврежденному участку спинного мозга (СМ). Одиночная клеточная терапия малоэффективна, но скаффолды на основе биоматериалов способны ограничить трансплантируемые клетки от агрессивного микроокружения очага травмы, а также обеспечить необходимый каркас для адгезии и дальнейшей интеграции клеток в нервную ткань реципиента. Современные подходы в области клеточной и органоидной терапии совместно с “умными” биоматериалами, способными изменять свои свойства в ответ на определенные стимулы, открывают широкие возможности в области терапии ТСМ. Настоящий обзор стремится охватить все актуальные данные в области новых методов лечения ТСМ с использованием клеточной терапии и биоматериалов, а также их комбинаций. В работе описаны достоинства и недостатки различных типов клеточных трансплантатов, включая менее распространенные, представлен метод трансплантации органоидов мозга, а также выделены наиболее часто используемые типы скаффолдов, отобранные по механическим свойствам и 3D-архитектуре.

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