Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences69144610.7868/S2658655X25080071naxobtREVIEWОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleRole of Trace Amines and Their Receptors in Neuroinflammation Development and Posttraumatic Spinal Cord and Brain RepairСледовые амины и их рецепторы (TAARs) в развитии нейровоспаления и в восстановлении при травматических повреждениях спинного и головного мозгаBuglininaA. D.БуглининаА. Д.RomanyukE. A.РоманюкЕ. А.MilovS. I.МиловС. И.ChesnokovA. A.ЧесноковА. А.KalininaD. S.КалинаД. С.kalinina.ds@talantiuspeh.ruMusienkoP. E.МусиенкоП. Е.pol-spb@mail.ruSirius University of Science and TechnologyНаучно-технологический университет “Сириус”St Petersburg State University, Institute of Translational BiomedicineСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Институт трансляционной биомедициныSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова, РАНPavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут физиологии им. И.П. Павлова, РАНLIFT Center (Life Improvement by Future Technologies)Центр “LIFT” (Life Improvement by Future Technologies)Federal Center for Brain and NeurotechnologiesЦентр мозга и нейротехнологий150820251118VOL 111, NO (2025)ТОМ 111, № (2025)1379140326092025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/691446

Traumatic spinal cord and brain injuries are grave neurological conditions manifesting as a partial or total disruption of motor, sensory and autonomic functions, and in the case of traumatic brain injury, able to cause headaches and migraines, memory impairment and other cognitive dysfunctions. Central nervous system injuries evoke severe neuroinflammation characterized by an acute reactivity of microglia, macrophages and astrocytes, which leads to such long-term consequences as local scarring, gliosis, and myelination defects that significantly affect brain development and function. Trace amines (TAs) can significantly contribute to the development of neuroinflammation and hypoxia in spinal cord and brain injuries. Some individual TAs are able to influence reparative processes, e.g., 3-iodothyronamine is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, octopamine modulates the state of astrocytes, agmatine affects post-injury expression of trophic factors and neurogenesis. Moreover, such TAs as tyramine, tryptamine and β-phenylethylamine, as well as trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), act as functional neuromodulators in the spinal cord and brain, and affect locomotor activity irrespective of the descending projections of classical monoamines. This review summarizes the data on the role of various TAs and TAARs in the development of inflammatory processes during spinal cord and brain injuries, as well as addresses the prospects for their potential therapeutic applications.

Травматические повреждения спинного и головного мозга представляют собой тяжелые неврологические состояния, выражающиеся частичным или полным нарушением двигательных, сенсорных и вегетативных функций, а в случае черепно-мозговой травмы также могут приводить к головным болям и мигреням, нарушениям памяти и других когнитивных функций. Травмы центральной нервной системы вызывают сильное нейровоспаление, характеризующееся острой реактивностью микроглии, макрофагов и астроцитов. Это приводит к долгосрочным последствиям, включая локальное образование рубцов, глиоз и дефекты миелинизации, которые значительно влияют на развитие и функционирование мозга. Исследования показывают, что следовые амины могут вносить весомый вклад при травмах спинного и головного мозга в развитие нейровоспаления и гипоксии. Некоторые отдельные следовые амины оказывают влияние на процессы восстановления: 3-йодотиронамин участвует в регуляции апоптоза, октопамин модулирует состояние астроцитов, агматин влияет на экспрессию трофических факторов и нейрогенез после травмы. Также ряд следовых аминов, таких как тирамин, триптамин, β-фенилэтиламин и ассоциированные с ними рецепторы действуют как нейромодуляторы функций спинного и головного мозга и влияют на локомоторную активность независимо от нисходящих проекций классических моноаминов. В настоящей работе собраны и обобщены имеющиеся данные о влиянии различных следовых аминов и их рецепторов на развитие воспалительных процессов при повреждениях спинного и головного мозга, а также возможности потенциального терапевтического применения.

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