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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696697</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658655X25090039</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The upper extremity’s postural synergies, ensuring the motor task realization of keeping the balanced position of the object in the hand</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Постуральные синергии верхней конечности, обеспечивающие выполнение задачи сохранения равновесного положения предмета в руке</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>sergey_moiseev@vlgafc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Education and Sports</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Великолукская государственная академия физической культуры и спорта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 111, NO9 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 111, №9 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>1472</fpage><lpage>1488</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-09-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/696697">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/696697</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents an analysis of postural and muscular synergies involved in the implementation of motor tasks to maintain the balanced position of an object in the hand while walking. During movement, electromyograms of the superficial muscles of the upper extremities were recorded and video recordings of body segment movements were performed. Synergy parameters were extracted from the recorded signals using factor analysis and the principal component methods. The assumption about the orientation of muscle synergies to stabilize the trajectories of the upper limb segments, which are important for the successful implementation of a motor task, was tested. A general postural synergy has been established that is used for various motor tasks, as well as higher-order synergies that fine-tune posture during movement. Four muscle synergies involved in controlling the movements of the upper extremity have been identified, two of which are the main ones. They are associated with compensation for balance disorders caused by the moments of placing the foot on the support, active extension of the lower limb in the knee and ankle joints. The spatial organization of muscle synergies shows individual strategies for using muscles in their structure, despite the fact that the same moments act as disturbing factors acting on the stabilizing system. Muscle synergies are activated at the moments of the greatest disturbing effect on postural stability and are aimed at stabilizing articular angles and trajectories of movements of the segments of the upper extremity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлен анализ постуральных и мышечных синергий, задействуемых при реализации двигательных задач по сохранению равновесного положения предмета в руке во время ходьбы. Во время передвижения регистрировали электромиограммы поверхностных мышц верхних конечностей и осуществляли видеозахват движений сегментов тела. Из зарегистрированных сигналов извлекали параметры синергий с помощью факторного анализа и метода главных компонент. Проверяли предположение о направленности мышечных синергий на стабилизацию важных для успешной реализации двигательной задачи траекторий сегментов верхней конечности. Установлена общая постуральная синергия, задействуемая для различных двигательных задач, а также синергии более высокого порядка, осуществляющие тонкую корректировку позы во время передвижения. Выявлены четыре мышечные синергии, принимающие участие в управлении движениями верхней конечности, две из которых основные. Они связаны с компенсацией нарушений равновесного положения, вызываемых моментами постановки ноги на опору, активного разгибания нижней конечности в коленном и голеностопном суставах. Пространственная организация мышечных синергий показывает индивидуальные стратегии задействования мышц в их структуре, несмотря на то, что возмущающими факторами, действующими на стабилизирующую систему, выступают одни и те же моменты. Мышечные синергии активируются в моменты наибольшего возмущающего воздействия на позу и направлены на стабилизацию суставных углов и траекторий движений сегментов верхней конечности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>postural synergy</kwd><kwd>kinematic module</kwd><kwd>muscle synergy</kwd><kwd>intermuscular coordination</kwd><kwd>motion control</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>постуральная синергия</kwd><kwd>кинематический модуль</kwd><kwd>мышечная синергия</kwd><kwd>межмышечная координация</kwd><kwd>управление движением</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансирование осуществлено в рамках плановой работы ФГБОУ ВО “Великолукская государственная академия физической культуры и спорта”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бернштейн НА (1947) О построении движений. М. Медгиз. [Bernstein NA (1947) The construction of movements. 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