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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696698</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658655X25090048</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Response of endoneurium-resident macrophages and neutrophils to sciatic nerve injury and mesenchymal cell transplantation in rats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Реакция резидентных макрофагов и нейтрофилов эндоневрия на травму седалищного нерва крысы и трансплантацию МСК</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iempes@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolos</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колос</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 111, NO9 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 111, №9 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>1489</fpage><lpage>1500</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-09-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/696698">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/696698</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this work was to study the distribution of resident macrophages and neutrophils in the endoneurium of the rat sciatic nerve early after injury and subperineural administration of MSCs. To clarify the reaction of these cells to peripheral nerve injury, an experimental model of rat sciatic nerve injury was used by ligation (for 40 s) using cell therapy. To identify endoneurium macrophages, an immunohistochemical reaction to the calcium-binding protein Iba-1, a marker of mononuclear phagocytes, was used. Neutrophils were examined on preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue. It was found that activation of resident macrophages in the endoneurium of the rat sciatic nerve occurs as early as 1 hour after injury, several hours earlier than neutrophils migrate from the blood vessels to the endoneurium. This indicates that resident macrophages are the first to respond to damage and contribute to the development of Wallerian degeneration processes. It is shown that the use of subperineural transplantation of MSCs leads to a decrease in the activation of resident macrophages and migration of neutrophils. Possible reasons for the established facts are discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью настоящей работы явилось изучение распределения резидентных макрофагов и нейтрофилов в эндоневрии седалищного нерва крысы в ранние сроки после травмы и субпериневрального введения суспензии мезенхимных стволовых клеток. Для выяснения реакции резидентных макрофагов и нейтрофилов на механическое повреждение периферических нервных проводников была использована экспериментальная модель травмы седалищного нерва крысы путем наложения лигатуры (в течение 40 с) с применением клеточной терапии. Для идентификации макрофагов эндоневрия применяли иммуногистохимическую реакцию на кальций-связывающий белок Iba-1, маркер мононуклеарных фагоцитов. Нейтрофилы исследовали на препаратах, окрашенных гематоксилином-эозином и толуидиновым синим. Установлено, что активация резидентных макрофагов в эндоневрии седалищного нерва крысы осуществляется уже через 1 ч после травмы, на несколько часов раньше, чем в эндоневрий мигрируют из кровеносных сосудов нейтрофилы. Это свидетельствует о том, что резидентные макрофаги первыми реагируют на повреждение и стимулируют развитие процессов валлеровской дегенерации. Показано, что применение субпериневральной трансплантации мезенхимных стволовых клеток приводит к снижению активации резидентных макрофагов и уменьшению количества мигрирующих в эндоневрий поврежденного нерва нейтрофилов. Возможные причины установленных фактов обсуждаются.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nerve regeneration</kwd><kwd>subperineural transplantation of MSCs</kwd><kwd>resident macrophages</kwd><kwd>neutrophils</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регенерация нерва</kwd><kwd>субпериневральная трансплантация мезенхимных стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>резидентные макрофаги</kwd><kwd>нейтрофилы</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа финансировалась за счет средств бюджета государственного задания Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения “Институт экспериментальной медицины”. 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