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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696700</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658655X25090068</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Response Characteristics to Pentylenetetrazol Administration in Rats with the Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности реакции на введение конвульсанта пентилентетразола у крыс с литий-пилокарпиновой моделью височной эпилепсии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Subkhankulov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Субханкулов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubareva</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубарева</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ZubarevaOE@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 111, NO9 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 111, №9 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>1512</fpage><lpage>1525</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-09-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/696700">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/696700</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Epilepsy is a severe neurological disorder, with approximately 30% of patients being therapy-resistant. The lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in rats reproduces key features of the disease, but long-term monitoring of spontaneous seizures is labor-intensive, necessitating the search for additional biomarkers of epileptogenesis. In clinical practice, EEG–particularly the analysis of interictal epileptiform patterns – plays a crucial role in epilepsy diagnosis. Provocative tests (sleep deprivation, photic stimulation, etc.) enhance the detection of pathological patterns. In experimental settings, a similar effect can be achieved using low doses of convulsants, such as pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), though such methods are rarely employed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-dose PTZ on epileptiform activity in the lithium-pilocarpine TLE model in rats and compare this method with maximal electroshock (MES) testing. The TLE model was induced in male Wistar rats (experimental group: pilocarpine after LiCl; control group: saline). Six months later, after the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures, EEG electrodes were implanted on the skull surface. EEG recordings were performed in two stages: baseline and after PTZ administration (40 mg/kg). Three weeks later, seizure susceptibility was assessed using MES. The results showed that baseline EEG recordings revealed no differences between the groups. However, after PTZ administration, a clear distinction was observed: Control rats exhibited regular bursts of high-amplitude sharp waves (4–8 Hz). Epileptic model rats predominantly displayed interictal spikes and spike-wave complexes. In contrast, MES testing showed no differences in threshold currents required to induce hindlimb extension between control and experimental rats. Thus, the provocative test using low-dose PTZ is a highly sensitive method for detecting epileptiform activity in the TLE model, surpassing MES in informativeness. These findings support the potential of this approach for preclinical research.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Эпилепсия – тяжелое неврологическое заболевание, при этом 30% пациентов резистентны к терапии. Литий-пилокарпиновая модель височной эпилепсии (TLE) у крыс воспроизводит ключевые особенности болезни, однако длительный мониторинг спонтанных судорог трудоемок, что требует поиска дополнительных маркеров эпилептогенеза. В клинике электроэнцефалограмма (ЭЭГ), особенно анализ интериктальных эпилептиформных паттернов, играет ключевую роль в диагностике эпилепсии. Провокационные пробы (депривация сна, фотостимуляция и др.) повышают выявляемость патологических паттернов. В эксперименте аналогичный эффект могут дать низкие дозы конвульсантов, например пентилентетразола (ПТЗ), однако такие методы применяются редко. Цель работы – изучить влияние низких доз ПТЗ на эпилептиформную активность в литий-пилокарпиновой модели TLE у крыс и сравнить этот метод с методом максимального электрошока (МЭШ). Модель TLE индуцировали у самцов крыс Вистар (эксперимент – пилокарпин после LiCl; контроль – физраствор). Через 6 месяцев после развития спонтанных рецидивирующих судорог на поверхность черепа устанавливали ЭЭГ-электроды. Регистрацию ЭЭГ проводили в два этапа: в фоне и после введения ПТЗ (40 мг/кг). Через 3 недели оценивали судорожную готовность с помощью МЭШ. Показано, что при фоновой регистрации ЭЭГ различия между группами отсутствуют. При введении ПТЗ выявлено четкое различие между группами: у контрольных крыс преобладали регулярные вспышки высокоамплитудных острых волн (4–8 Гц), у крыс с моделью эпилепсии доминировали одиночные интериктальные спайки и спайк-волны. При этом при проведении теста максимального электрошока контрольные и экспериментальные крысы не различались по пороговым значениям тока, необходимого для экстензии задних конечностей. Таким образом, провокационная проба с применением низких доз ПТЗ представляет собой высокочувствительный метод выявления эпилептиформной активности в модели TLE, превосходящий по информативности МЭШ-тестирование. Полученные результаты подтверждают перспективность данного подхода для доклинических исследований.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>temporal lobe epilepsy</kwd><kwd>lithium-pilocarpine model</kwd><kwd>EEG</kwd><kwd>epileptiform activity</kwd><kwd>pentylenetetrazol</kwd><kwd>provocative tests</kwd><kwd>maximal electroshock</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>височная эпилепсия</kwd><kwd>литий-пилокарпиновая модель</kwd><kwd>электроэнцефалограмма</kwd><kwd>эпилептиформная активность</kwd><kwd>пентилентетразол</kwd><kwd>провокационные пробы</kwd><kwd>максимальный электрошок</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Комитета по этике Института эволюционной физиологии и биохимии Российской академии наук.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Ding D, Kwan P (2023) Editorial: Epidemiology of epilepsy and seizures. 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