Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences69825010.7868/S2658655X25110027REVIEWОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИReview ArticleFunctional Features of Sympathetic Ganglionic Neurons during Postnatal Ontogenesis in Health and DiseaseФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СИМПАТИЧЕСКИХ ГАНГЛИОНАРНЫХ НЕЙРОНОВ В ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ В НОРМЕ И ПРИ ПАТОЛОГИИMasliukovP. MМаслюковП. Мmpm@ysmu.ruSalnikovE. VСальниковЕ. ВPorsevaV. VПорсеваВ. ВYaroslavl State Medical UniversityЯрославский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России1511202511111VOL 111, NO11 (2025)ТОМ 111, №11 (2025)1704172709122025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/698250

Neurons of sympathetic pre- and paravertebral ganglia differ in their electrophysiological properties, which contributes to their involvement of different functions. There are two main electrophysiological types of sympathetic ganglionic neurons in various mammals: phasic and tonic. The development of modern research methods, including patch clamp, made it possible to clarify previously obtained information on the main electrophysiological characteristics of neurons by puncturing the membrane using intracellular thin glass microelectrodes. Different features of sympathetic neuron firing are the result of differential expression of voltage-gated ion channels associated with different currents: incoming INa (tetrodotoxin-sensitive and -insensitive sodium), ICa (calcium), IH (hyperpolarization-activated non-selective cation current), ICaCl (calcium-dependent chloride current), as well as outgoing IDR (delayed rectifier), IAHP (after-hyperpolarization), IA (fast outward potassium), IM (slowly activating, non-inactivated outward current). This review describes the contribution of different channels to the excitability of sympathetic neurons, their changes in postnatal ontogenesis, as well as changes in the electrophysiological characteristics of ganglionic neurons in pathological processes.

Нейроны симпатических пре- и параметрсбральных ганглиев различаются по своим электрофизиологическим свойствам, что способствует выполнению ими различных функций. Выделяют два основных электрофизиологических типа симпатических ганглионарных нейронов у различных млекопитающих: фазические и тонические. Развитие современных методов исследования, включая патч-кламп, позволили уточнить ранее полученные сведения об основных электрофизиологических характеристиках нейронов путем прокалывания мембраны при помощи внутриклеточных тонких стеклянных микроэлектродов. Различные особенности импульсации симпатических нейронов являются результатом дифференциальной экспрессии потенциал-зависимых ионных каналов, связанных с различными токами: входящими INa (натриевым тетродоксин-чувствительным и нечувствительным), ICa (кальциевым), IH (активируемым гиперполяризацией неселективным катионным током), ICaCl (кальций-зависимым хлорным током), а также выходящими калиевыми токами: IDR (задержанного выпрямления), IAHP (следовой гиперполяризации), IA (быстрым выходящим), IM (медленно активирующимся, не инактивируемым выходящим током). В настоящем обзоре описан вклад различных каналов в возбудимость симпатических нейронов, их изменения в постнатальном онтогенезе, а также изменения электрофизиологических характеристик ганглионарных нейронов при патологических процессах.

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