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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698257</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658655X25110094</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Proarrhythmic Mechanomodulation of Cholinergic Sensitivity in the Right Atrial Structures of Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПРОАРИТМИЧЕСКАЯ МЕХАНОМОДУЛЯЦИЯ ХОЛИНЕРГИЧЕСКОЙ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ СТРУКТУР ПРАВОГО ПРЕДСЕРДИЯ У НОРМО- И ГИПЕРТЕНЗИВНЫХ КРЫС</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>Yu. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>Ю. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>knowledge_spirii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>V. S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>В. С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after Academician E.I. Chazov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. академика Е.И. Чазова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>11</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 111, NO11 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 111, №11 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>1828</fpage><lpage>1843</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/698257">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/698257</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Arterial hypertension (AH) is the leading modifying risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Systemic or pulmonary AH is also a significant factor stimulating the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the mutually reinforcing relationship between AH and AF are multifaceted and are due to structural, biochemical, and electrical remodeling of the atria. About 20% of AF cases are caused by the development of ectopic activity in the structures of the right atrium (RA), including the natural dominant pacemaker of the heart – the sinoatrial node (SAN), as well as the arrhythmogenic myocardium of the vena cava wall. The mechanisms stimulating the development of profibrillatory foci in the right atrium under mechanical action caused by AH remain poorly understood. The aim of this work was to study the mechanical effects on the electrophysiological properties of vulnerable zones of the RA myocardium and its susceptibility to proarrhythmic cholinergic effects. The experiments were performed using isolated tissue preparations of the right atrium of Wistar rats (400 ± 50 g, n = 16) and spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats (SBP: 180–220 mmHg, 300 ± 50 g, n = 10), including the sinoatrial node (SAN), the orifice and the distal part of the superior vena cava (SVC) and demonstrating automatic activity. Using the technique of multichannel microelectrode leads, simultaneous recording of the resting potential and spontaneous action potentials (AP) in the atrial and distal parts of the SVC was performed under control conditions, as well as under mechanical loading/stretching accompanied by the action of acetylcholine (ACH). The duration of AP in the SVC of hypertensive rats is significantly shorter than that of normotensive rats. The frequency of spontaneous AP in the SAN of SHR rats is lower than that of Wistar rats. The negative chronotropic effect caused by ACH in hypertensive rats is significantly greater than that of normotensive rats. Mechanical loading/stretching causes depolarization (up to –60 ± 5 mV), a decrease in AP amplitude, suppression of excitation conduction and excitation conduction blocks in the SVC. The above effects in the SVC of SHR rats develop with significantly less mechanical action than in Wistar rats. Mechanical loading/stretching increases the sinus rhythm in normotensive rat preparations (cycle length: –14 ± 3%, n = 16, p &lt; 0.01), but causes its decrease in SHR rat preparations (+20 ± 9%, p &lt; 0.01). Mechanical stimulation enhances the negative chronotropic effect of ACH. This enhancement is significantly more pronounced in SHR rats than in normotensive animals: under loading/stretching, ACH suppresses sinus rhythm in 100% of experiments in SHR and only in 50% in normotensive rats. Under control conditions, the RA myocardium of normotensive rats and SHRs demonstrates different bioelectrical properties and different sensitivity to ACH. The SAN and SVC in SHRs are more sensitive to mechanical effects. Mechanical stretching/loading increases the sensitivity of the SAN to choline stimulation. AH, due to increased sensitivity to ACH during myocardial stretching, promotes the formation of an arrhythmogenic substrate in the structures of the right atrium.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Артериальная гипертензия (АГ) является ведущим модифицирующим фактором риска смертности от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Системная или легочная АГ также служит значимым фактором, стимулирующим возникновение фибрилляции предсердий (ФП). Патофизиологические механизмы, лежащие в основе взаимоусиливающей связи между АГ и ФП, многогранны, обусловлены структурным, биохимическим и электрическим ремоделированием предсердий. Около 20% случаев ФП обусловлены возникновением эктопической активности в структурах правого предсердия (ПП), включающего естественный доминантный ритмоводитель сердца – синоатриальный узел (САУ), а также аритмогенный миокард стенки полых вен. Механизмы, стимулирующие возникновение профибрилляторных очагов в правом предсердии, при механическом воздействии, вызванном АГ, остаются малоизученными. Целью данной работы стало исследование проаритмической механомодуляции электрофизиологических свойств уязвимых зон миокарда ПП, а также восприимчивости к холинергическим воздействиям. Эксперименты проводили с использованием изолированных тканевых препаратов ПП крыс стока Wistar (400 ± 50 г, n = 16), а также спонтанно-гипертензивных крыс стока SHR (САД: 180–220 мм рт. ст., 300 ± 50 г, n = 10), включающих сино-атриальный узел (САУ), устье и дистальную часть верхней полой вены (ВПВ) и демонстрирующих автоматическую активность. С помощью техники многоканальных микроэлектродных отведений проводили одновременную регистрацию потенциала покоя и спонтанных потенциалов действия (ПД) в предсердной и дистальной части ВПВ в контрольных условиях, а также при механическом нагружении/растяжении, сопровождаемом действием ацетилхолина (АЦХ). Длительность ПД в ВПВ гипертензивных крыс существенно меньше, чем у нормотензивных. Частота спонтанных ПД в САУ крыс SHR ниже, чем у Wistar. Отрицательный хронотропный эффект, вызываемый АЦХ у гипертензивных крыс, значимо больше, чем у нормотензивных. Механическое нагружение/растяжение вызывает деполяризацию (до –60 ± 5 мВ), снижение амплитуды ПД, подавление проведения возбуждения и блоки проведения возбуждения в ВПВ. Вышеуказанные эффекты в ВПВ крыс SHR развиваются при существенно меньшем механическом воздействии, чем у крыс Wistar. Механическое нагружение/растяжение увеличивает синусовый ритм в препаратах нормотеизивных крыс (длина цикла: −14 ± 3%, n = 16, p &lt; 0.01), но вызывает его снижение в препаратах крыс SHR (+20 ± 9%, p &lt; 0.01). Механомодуляция усиливает отрицательный хронотропный эффект АЦХ. Это усиление существенно более выражено у крыс SHR, чем у нормотеизивных животных: при нагружении/растяжении АЦХ подавляет синусовый ритм в 100% экспериментов у SHR и только в 50% у нормотеизивных крыс. В контрольных условиях миокард ПП нормотеизивных крыс и крыс SHR демонстрирует различные биоэлектрические свойства и разную чувствительность к АЦХ. САУ и ВПВ у крыс SHR более чувствительны к механомодуляции. Механическое растяжение/нагружение усиливает чувствительность САУ к холинергической стимуляции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mechanosensitivity</kwd><kwd>cholinergic regulation</kwd><kwd>acetylcholine</kwd><kwd>sinoatrial node</kwd><kwd>pacemaker</kwd><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>tachyarrhythmia</kwd><kwd>rats SHR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>механомодуляция</kwd><kwd>холинергическая регуляция</kwd><kwd>ацетилхолин</kwd><kwd>синоатриальный узел</kwd><kwd>пейсмекер</kwd><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>тахиаритмии</kwd><kwd>крысы SHR</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. академика Е.И. 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