<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698258</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2658655X25110101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Barrier Properties of the Intestinal Epithelium in the Dynamics of Nephropathy Progression</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>БАРЬЕРНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ЭПИТЕЛИЯ КИШКИ В ДИНАМИКЕ РАЗВИТИЯ НЕФРОПАТИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>A. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>А. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyatchenkov</surname><given-names>M. O</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пятченков</surname><given-names>М. О</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>E. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>Е. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikov</surname><given-names>E. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашников</surname><given-names>Е. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>G. T</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Г. Т</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markov</surname><given-names>A. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марков</surname><given-names>А. Г</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>a.markov@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>111</volume><issue>11</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 111, NO11 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 111, №11 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>1844</fpage><lpage>1859</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/698258">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8139/article/view/698258</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study investigated the effect of 5/6 nephrectomy on the barrier properties of the rats jejunum and colon in the long postoperative period (two, four and six months). It was shown that animals with kidney dysfunction developed progressive azotemia, hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, as well as increased levels of uremic toxins (TMAO and TMA), accompanied by an increase in blood pressure. Two months after nephrectomy, a decrease in short-circuit current and an increase in paracellular permeability were observed in the jejunum, but the transepithelial resistance (TER) did not change. In the colon at this time, an increase in TER and permeability to sodium fluorescein was noted with a decrease in short-circuit current. At the fourth month, the jejunum retained morphological changes in villi and crypts, but the barrier function stabilized due to a compensatory increase in occludin levels with a decrease in claudin-1. Increased permeability remained in the colon without significant changes in the expression of the studied proteins of tight junctions. Six months after nephrectomy, differences in permeability and protein content of tight junctions were leveled compared with the control, although morphological disorders of the epithelium persisted. The results of the study show the potential for restoring the intestinal barrier within six months after the nephrectomy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе исследовано влияние 5/6 нефрэктомин на барьерные свойства тощей и толстой кишки крыс в длительном послеоперационном периоде (два, четыре и шесть месяцев). Показано, что у животных с дисфункцией почки развивалась прогрессирующая азотемия, гипернатриемия и гиперкалиемия, увеличивались уровни хремических токсинов (триметиламин и триметиламин-N-оксид) и артериальное давление. Через два месяца после нефрэктомин в тощей кишке наблюдалось снижение тока "короткого замыкания" и повышение парацеллюлярной проницаемости для флуоресцения натрия, однако трансэпителиальное сопротивление (ТЭС) не изменялось. В толстой кишке на этом сроке отмечалось повышение ТЭС и проницаемости при снижении тока "короткого замыкания". На четвертом месяце у тощей кишки сохранялись морфологические изменения воронюк и крипт, но барьерная функция стабилизировалась за счет компенсаторного повышения уровня окклюдина и снижения клаудина-1. В толстой кишке сохранялась повышенная проницаемость без значимых изменений в уровне изученных белков плотных контактов. Через шесть месяцев после нефрэктомин различия в проницаемости и содержании белков плотных контактов по сравнению с контролем нивелировались, хотя морфологические нарушения эпителия сохранялись. Результаты проведенного исследования показывают способность кишечного эпителия восстанавливать свойства кишечного барьера после проведенной нефрэктомин.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kidney</kwd><kwd>nephrectomy</kwd><kwd>intestine</kwd><kwd>intestinal barrier</kwd><kwd>tight junctions</kwd><kwd>claudins</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почка</kwd><kwd>нефрэктомия</kwd><kwd>кишка</kwd><kwd>кишечный барьер</kwd><kwd>плотные контакты</kwd><kwd>клаудины</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана средствами федерального бюджета в рамках государственных заданий ФГБУН Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН (ПТНИ № 1021062411784-3-3.1.8, Рег. № НИОКТР 124020100111-7 и № 1021062411787-0-3.1.8)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Пятченков МО, Марков АГ, Румянцев АШ (2022) Структурно-функциональные нарушения кишечного барьера и хроническая болезнь почек. Обзор литературы. Часть I. Нефрология 26(1): 10–26. https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2022-26-1-10-26</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Ellison DH, Felker GM (2017) Diuretic Treatment in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 377(20): 1964–1975. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1703100</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Yeh TH, Tu KC, Wang HY, Chen JY (2024) From Acute to Chronic: Unraveling the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Progression from Acute Kidney Injury to Acute Kidney Disease to Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 25(3): 1755. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031755</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Inagi R (2015) The gut-kidney connection in advanced chronic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 34(4): 191–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.krcp.2015.08.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Kujal P, Vernerová Z (2008) 5/6 nephrectomy as an experimental model of chronic renal failure and adaptation to reduced nephron number. Cesk Fysiol 57(4): 104–109.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Inoue H, Kozlowski SD, Klein JD, Bailey JL, Sands JM, Bagnasco SM (2005) Regulated expression of renal and intestinal UT-B urea transporter in response to varying urea load. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289(2): F451–F458. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00376.2004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Collins D, Walpole C, Ryan E, Winter D, Baird A, Stewart GJ (2011) UT-B1 mediates transepithelial urea flux in the rat gastrointestinal tract. J Membr Biol 239(3): 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-010-9331-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Yano H, Tamura Y, Kobayashi K, Tanemoto M, Uchida S (2014) Uric acid transporter ABCG2 is increased in the intestine of the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 18(1): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-013-0806-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Walpole C, McGrane A, Al-Mousawi H, Winter D, Baird A, Stewart G (2018) Investigation of facilitative urea transporters in the human gastrointestinal tract. Physiol Rep 6(12): e13826. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13826</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Schneeberger EE, Lynch RD (2004) The tight junction: a multifunctional complex. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 286(6): C1213–C1228. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00558.2003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Citi S, Fromm M, Furuwe M, Gonzalez-Mariscal L, Nusrat A, Tsukita S, Turner JR (2024) A short guide to the tight junction. J Cell Sci 137(9): jcs261776. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.261776</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Markov AG, Aschenbach JR, Amasheh S (2015) Claudin clusters as determinants of epithelial barrier function. IUBMB Life 67(1): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/iub.1347</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Cahyawati PN, Satriyasa BK (2021) Subtotal Nephrectomy as a Model of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Ind J Public Health Res Dev 12(3): 150–157. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijphrd.v12i3.16058</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Vaziri ND, Yuan J, Nazertehrani S, Ni Z, Liu SM (2013) Chronic Kidney Disease Causes Disruption of Gastric and Small Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction. Am J Nephrol 38: 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1159/000353104</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Maloy A, Alexander S, Andreas A, Nyunoya T, Chandra D (2022) Stain-Free total-protein normalization enhances the reproducibility of Western blot data. Anal Biochem 654: 114840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2022.114840</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Lau WL, Liu SM, Pahlevan S, Yuan J, Khazaeli M, Ni Z, Chan JY, Vaziri ND (2015) Role of Nrf2 dysfunction in uremia-associated intestinal inflammation and epithelial barrier disruption. Dig Dis Sci 60(5): 1215–1222.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Chaszczewska-Markowska M, Sagan M, Bogunia-Kubik K (2016) The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) – physiology and molecular mechanisms of functioning. Adv Hyg Exp Med 70: 917–927. https://doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1218180</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Lim BJ, Yang HC, Fogo AB (2014) Animal models of regression/progression of kidney disease. Drug Discov Today Dis Models 11: 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ddmod.2014.06.003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Gonzalez A, Krieg R, Massey HD, Carl D, Ghosh S, Gehr TWB, Ghosh SS (2019) Sodium butyrate ameliorates insulin resistance and renal failure in CKD rats by modulating intestinal permeability and mucin expression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 34(5): 783–794. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfy238</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Freire E, Albuquerque J, Leal I, Santos C, Lima J, Santos J, Mota A, Silva J (2019) Effect of chronic renal dysfunction on the permeability of the colon to water and electrolytes: experimental study in rats. Braz Arch Dig Surg 32(4): e1472. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-672020190001e1472</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Peng L, Li Z, Green RS, Holzman IR, Lin J (2009) Butyrate enhances the intestinal barrier by facilitating tight junction assembly via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Nutr 139(9): 1619–1625. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.104638</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Chan J, Toldi G (2022) The Impact of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Neonatal Regulatory T Cells. Nutrients 14(18): 3670. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183670</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Yan H, Ajuwon KM (2017) Butyrate modifies intestinal barrier function in IPEC-J2 cells through a selective upregulation of tight junction proteins and activation of the Akt signaling pathway. PLoS One 12(6): e0179586. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179586</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Yang J, Lim SY, Ko YS, Lee HY, Oh SW, Kim MG, Cho WY, Jo SK (2019) Intestinal barrier disruption and dysregulated mucosal immunity contribute to kidney fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 34(3): 419–428. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfy172</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Zhu J, Li X, Deng N, Peng X, Tan Z (2022) Diarrhea with deficiency kidney-yang syndrome caused by adenine combined with Folium senna was associated with gut mucosal microbiota. Front Microbiol 13: 1007609. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007609</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Markov AG, Fedorova AA, Kravtsova VV, Bikmuzzina AE, Okorokova LS, Matchkov VV, Cornelius V, Amasheh S, Krivoi II (2020) Circulating Ouabain Modulates Expression of Claudins in Rat Intestine and Cerebral Blood Vessels. Int J Mol Sci 21(14): 5067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145067</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
