The Effect of Dopamine on Neuroplasticity in Spinal Cord Injury

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Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a chronic neurological disorder caused by damage to the spinal cord tissues and often accompanied by severe multisystem complications, autonomic dysfunction, risk of depressive states, a sharp decline in quality of life, and patient disability. Dopamine plays a crucial role in regulating motor functions and immune responses, making it a promising target for therapy development after SCI. This review explores the sources of spinal cord dopamine, its role in neuroplasticity, and its influence on neurotrophic factors and neurogenesis. Dopamine modulates synaptic plasticity through D1 and D2 receptors, promoting axon growth and synaptogenesis. It can also stimulate the synthesis of neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, NGF, EGF, FGF-2, and CNTF, which support neuronal survival and reduce inflammation. Additionally, dopamine regulates differentiation, myelination, and immune responses by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhancing anti-inflammatory processes. Despite its therapeutic potential, the dual role of dopamine in certain processes, such as angiogenesis suppression, requires further investigation. This review highlights the multifaceted role of dopamine in post-SCI recovery and its potential for developing new treatment strategies.

About the authors

A. A. Chesnokov

Sirius University of Science and Technology

Sochi, Russia

D. S. Kalinina

Sirius University of Science and Technology; St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Translational Biomedicine; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: kalinina.ds@talantiuspeh.ru
Sochi, Russia; St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg, Russia

A. E. Makhortykh

Sirius University of Science and Technology

Sochi, Russia

D. V. Khuzin

Sirius University of Science and Technology

Sochi, Russia

P. E. Musienko

St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Translational Biomedicine; Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies

Email: pol-spb@mail.ru
St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg, Russia; Moscow, Russia

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