Emerging Orthobiologic Therapies for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review

  • Authors: Ustiugov A.1
  • Affiliations:
    1. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени Н.Н. Приорова.,ФГАОУ ВО "Российский Национальный Исследовательский Медицинский Университет им. Н.И. Пирогова" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации., АО "Институт пластической хирургии"
  • Section: SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS
  • Submitted: 19.11.2024
  • Accepted: 03.09.2025
  • Published: 30.10.2025
  • URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/0869-8678/article/view/642053
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/vto642053
  • ID: 642053


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Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes damage to cartilage and surrounding tissues, which can lead to varying degrees of disability. The disease is characterized by pain, stiffness, and loss of function. Osteoarthritis is divided into primary and secondary. The cause of primary (or idiopathic) osteoarthritis is unknown (primary osteoarthritis represents the vast majority of cases of this disease). Secondary osteoarthritis can be caused by another disease or disorder, such as: infection, congenital malformation of the joint, injury, metabolic disorder rheumatoid arthritis and others. Sometimes the cause of osteoarthritis remains unknown. Some of the main goals of treatment are: relief of pain, maintaining joint flexibility, optimization of joint functions. Conservative treatment methods used today are aimed primarily at reducing pain, improving the patient's quality of life, but do not eliminate the underlying cause of the disease and, accordingly, are not able to completely stop the degradation of hyaline cartilage. Attempts to perform organ-preserving operations in case of damage to one of the knee joint compartments, such as corrective osteotomy, can significantly improve the treatment results, but only help to postpone joint arthroplasty, but not to avoid it. In this regard, the development of treatment methods that allow preserving the joint, compensating for cartilage and subchondral bone defects remains very relevant. Today, in the search for such methods, emphasis is placed on the use of orthobiological products. The article discusses the use of these techniques in the treatment of knee joint pathologies. A detailed description of the composition and mechanisms of action of two orthobiological products that are of greatest interest to practicing specialists is presented — platelet-rich plasma and stromal vascular fraction. The results of preclinical and clinical studies are presented, proving the ability of these products to eliminate inflammation, reduce pain and significantly improve the function of the affected joint. Thus, scientific research has confirmed the therapeutic effectiveness of orthobiological products, the use of which opens up new prospects in organ-preserving treatment of patients suffering from osteoarthritis.

About the authors

Andrei Ustiugov

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени Н.Н. Приорова.,ФГАОУ ВО "Российский Национальный Исследовательский Медицинский Университет им. Н.И. Пирогова" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации., АО "Институт пластической хирургии"

Author for correspondence.
Email: Leikos@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4598-1194

Кандидат медицинских наук

Russian Federation

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